Stings. — Bathe the part in ammonia, or baking soda and water ; wet a cloth in the same, and bind over it 142 EMERGENCIES. 143 Burns. — The best household remedies for burns are baking soda and carbolized vaseline. For slight burns mix the soda to a paste with water, and spread thickly over the part ; cover with linen or old cotton. This may be kept wet by squeezing water over it. If shreds of clothing adhere to a burn, they should be soaked with oil, and not pulled off until softened. If the skin is gone, spread carbolized vaseline on linen, and bind on the part until the doctor arrives. In burns caused by acids, water should not be applied to the parts. Cover with dry baking soda. If caused by an alkali, such as lye, ammonia, or quick- lime, use an acid, as vinegar or lemon juice diluted. Poisoning. — For poison ivy, saturate a cloth in a solution of baking soda, ammonia and water, and lay over the part. When poison has been swallowed, the first thing to do is to get it out of the stomach. Secondly, to prevent what remains from doing more mischief. Give an emetic at once. One tablespoonful of salt in a glass of tepid water ; one teaspoonful of mustard, or one teaspoon- ful of powdered alum in a glass of tepid water. A teaspoonful of wine of ipecac, followed by warm water. Repeat any of these three or four times if necessary. The quantities given are for children ; larger doses may be given to adults. It is well to give a dose of castor oil✪ Emetic Solution after the danger is over, to carry off any remnants of the poison that may have lodged in the intestines. After a poison has burned the mouth and throat, plenty of milk may be given, also flour, arrowroot or cornstarch✪ Soothing Gruel gruel. 144 DOMESTIC SCIENCE. For drowning and other serious accidents, see Public School Physiology. Ventilation and Sanitation. As pure air is one of the essentials of good health, it follows that one of the chief duties of a housekeeper is to see that the family supply of this necessary element is properly regulated. Very few housekeepers realize the importance of ventilation in promoting the general health and comfort of the family. The scope of this book prevents anything further than a few suggestions or a brief outline of the principles underlying these im- portant questions. A few general rules are given: (1) See that surface water is carried away from all sides by either natural or artificial drains, and that the cellar is perfectly dry. Have enough windows in the cellar to secure plenty of light and air, and see that they are opened every day. (2) Have the cellar thoroughly cleaned and whitewashed with lime at least once a year, twice if pos- sible, in the spring and fall. (3) Keep the coal in a dry place. (4) Do not allow decomposed vegetables, or old bottles, which may cause unpleasant odors, to accumulate in the cellar. Unless there is a special cellar for vege tables, where they may be kept at a proper temperature and carefully looked after, it is nuich better for the housekeeper to purchase in small quantities. Remember the ventilation of the cellar is of the greatest importance, and should never be neglected. One of the most noted authorities in America, on the qnestion of ventilation, says: "The thn;e important objects are, (1) to provide an abundance of pure aii* in every part of the house ; (2) To avoid drafts, either hot i

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Stings. — Bathe the part in ammonia, or baking soda and water ; wet a cloth in the same, and bind over it EMERGENCIES. 143 Burns. — The best household remedies for burns are baking soda and carbolized vaseline. For slight burns mix the soda to a paste with water, and spread thickly over the part ; cover with linen or old cotton. This may be kept wet by squeezing water over it. If shreds of clothing adhere to a burn, they should be soaked with oil, and not pulled off until softened. If the skin is gone, spread carbolized vaseline on linen, and bind on the part until the doctor arrives. In burns caused by acids, water should not be applied to the parts. Cover with dry baking soda. If caused by an alkali, such as lye, ammonia, or quicklime, use an acid, as vinegar or lemon juice diluted. Poisoning. — For poison ivy, saturate a cloth in a solution of baking soda, ammonia and water, and lay over the part. When poison has been swallowed, the first thing to do is to get it out of the stomach. Secondly, to prevent what remains from doing more mischief. Give an emetic at once. One tablespoonful of salt in a glass of tepid water ; one teaspoonful of mustard, or one teaspoonful of powdered alum in a glass of tepid water. A teaspoonful of wine of ipecac, followed by warm water. Repeat any of these three or four times if necessary. The quantities given are for children ; larger doses may be given to adults. It is well to give a dose of castor oil after the danger is over, to carry off any remnants of the poison that may have lodged in the intestines. After a poison has burned the mouth and throat, plenty of milk may be given, also flour, arrowroot or cornstarch gruel. For drowning and other serious accidents, see Public School Physiology. Ventilation and Sanitation. As pure air is one of the essentials of good health, it follows that one of the chief duties of a housekeeper is to see that the family supply of this necessary element is properly regulated. Very few housekeepers realize the importance of ventilation in promoting the general health and comfort of the family. The scope of this book prevents anything further than a few suggestions or a brief outline of the principles underlying these important questions. A few general rules are given: (1) See that surface water is carried away from all sides by either natural or artificial drains, and that the cellar is perfectly dry. Have enough windows in the cellar to secure plenty of light and air, and see that they are opened every day. (2) Have the cellar thoroughly cleaned and whitewashed with lime at least once a year, twice if possible, in the spring and fall. (3) Keep the coal in a dry place. (4) Do not allow decomposed vegetables, or old bottles, which may cause unpleasant odors, to accumulate in the cellar. Unless there is a special cellar for vege tables, where they may be kept at a proper temperature and carefully looked after, it is nuich better for the housekeeper to purchase in small quantities. Remember the ventilation of the cellar is of the greatest importance, and should never be neglected. One of the most noted authorities in America, on the qnestion of ventilation, says: "The thn;e important objects are, (1) to provide an abundance of pure aii* in every part of the house ; (2) To avoid drafts, either hot

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