Public school household science

VENTILATION AND SANITATION. 145 or cold ; (3) To provide means of escape for foul air and odors." As before stated, much of the vigor, comfort and happiness of the family depends upon attention to these matters. Next to the cellar, we will take the living and sleeping rooms, which should be thoroughly aired every day, not simply by opening the window a few inches at the bottom, or — as in some double or outside windows — by a little opening a few inches wide, but- by causing a circulation of air in the room, and providing an outlet for foul air near the ceiling, which may be done by lowering the window from the top. An outlet for foul air is quite as important as an inlet for fresh air. If there is a skylight at the top of the house, it should be kept open a few inches all the time as an outlet for impure air ; an attic window will serve the same purpose. Have doors and windows so arranged that a draft may be made possible when needed to change the air of a room quickly, or in airing bedclothes ; two windows being of course more desirable. After dressing in the morning open the window of the sleeping room, top and bottom ; turn back the clothes over one or two chairs; place pillows and mattress where they will have a current of fresh air ; also open the closet door. Do not allow water to remain in a bedroom more than twenty-four hours. When a sleeping room has been used for a sewing or sitting room during the day, it should be thoroughly aired before bedtime. Open the bathroom window fre- quently, top and bottom, for a few minutes, so as to allow the air to escape out of doors instead of into other parts of the house. A nursery, sitting room or school room, which has been occupied by a number of people, should have the windows open, top and bottom, while the 146 DOMESTIC SCIENCE, occupants are at meals or elsewhere. A room which has been occupied as a family sitting room during the evening should be aired by; the last member of the family to retire, in order to prevent the impure air making its way through the house during the night. Special attention should be given to kitchen ventila- tion. In order to prevent kitchen odors from penetrating through the Other parts of the house, it is necessary to have an outlet for steam and impure air near the ceiling in the kitchen. If windows are placed so as to secure a draft, they may be opened at the top only, when they will serve the purpose admirably. There should be a ventilating flue in all kitchen chimneys. In building a house, see that register ventilators are placed in the kitchen on different walls, which may be closed in very cold weather. CHAPTER XVIII. Tables for Reference. The composition of a man weighing 148 lbs. is given as follows : Oxygen 92. 1 pounds. Hydrogen 14.6 Carbon 31.6 Nitrogen 4.6 Phosphorus 1.4 Calcium 2.8 Sulphur 0.24 Chlorine 0.12 Sodium 0. 12 Iron 0.02 Potassium 0.34 Magnesium 0.04 Silica ? Fluorine 0.02 Total , 148.00 pounds. Standards for Daily Diet of Laboring Man at Moderate Muscular Work. I'KOTBm Fats. NUTRIKNTS IN DAILT FOOD. Author. Carbo- hydrates. Fuel Values. Playfair, England Moleschotte, Italy Wolff, Germany, Voit, Germany lb. .26 .29 .28 .26 .28 lb. .11 .09 .08 .12 17.33 lb. 1.17 1.21 1.19 1.10 88.1.21 Calories. 3.140 3.160 3.030 3.0.55 Atwater, United States. 3.500 147 (Atwater). 148 DOMESTIC SCIENCE.