to dry. Woollen goods should not be allowed to freeze, for the teeth become knotted and hard. Colored Cottons. Colored cottons should have their colors fixed before washing. Salt will set most colors, but the process must be repeated at each washing. Alum sets the colors per- manently, and at the same time renders the fabric less combustible, if used in strong solution after the final rinsing. Dish-cloths and dish-towels must be kept clean as a matter of health, as well as a necessity for clean, bright tableware. The greasy dish-cloth furnishes a most favorable field for the growth of germs. It must be washed with soap and hot water and dried thoroughly each time. All such cloths should form part of the weekly wash and receive all the disinfection possible, with soap, hot water and long drying in the sunshine and open air. Beware of disease-breeding, greasy, damp, dish-cloth hung in a warm, dark place. Oven towels, soiled with soot, etc., may be soaked over night in just enough kerosene to cover, then washed in cold water and soap. Preparation for Work. All clothes, whether washed at home or sent to a pul)lic laundry, should bo plainly marked. Sort the clothes for the wash, putting each class in a pile by itself. Look over each article and remove any staiiiH lK;foro putting it into the water. If the white clothes are very dirty they should be soaked in cold water, to which a little dissolved soda or borax may be added, for houio hours. LAUNDRY WORK. 141 Wring the clothes, rubbing the very soiled spots, out of the cold water and wash in the following order : 1. Fine things, such as muslins, lace, collars and cuffs. 2. Table linen. 3. Bed and body linen, including handkerchiefs, or wash handkerchiefs by themselves. 4. Prints and colored cottons. 5. Flannels (using fresh water). In winter flannels should be washed first if dried out of doors. 6. Coarse things, such as kitchen towels, dusters, etc. Laundry tubs should be carefully washed and dried. Wooden tubs, if kept in a dry place, should be turned upside down, and have the bottoms covered with a little water. The rubber rollers of the wringer may be kept clean and white by rubbing them with a clean cloth and a few drops of kerosene (coal oil). CHAPTER XVIL Emergencies. As frequent accidents occur during the performance of household duties, a few suggestions as to how slight injuries should be treated may prove useful to the young housekeeper. Cuts. — A cut should be washed with cold water, covered with a small pad of cotton, bound up, and left alone. Should matter form, the bandage must be taken off, the wound bathed with carbolized water, 1-80, and a little carbolized vaseline spread on a bit of linen and laid over it. The washing and dressing should be repeated two or three times a day if there is much discharge. Bruises. — A flannel wrung out of very hot water, and laid on a bruise, relieves the soreness. For bruises on the face, apply ice. Brown paper wet in vinegar is an old-fashioned remedy. If the skin is broken, treat as a wound, with carbolized water and carbolized vaseline. Sjnains. — Both hot and cold treatment is recom- mended. Immerse the joint in water as hot as can be borne. Keep up the temperature by gradually adding more hot water. Let it soak for an hour or mon\ Then wrap in warm flannel, and surround with hot water bags or bottles.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

to dry. Woollen goods should not be allowed to freeze, for the teeth become knotted and hard. Colored Cottons. Colored cottons should have their colors fixed before washing. Salt will set most colors, but the process must be repeated at each washing. Alum sets the colors permanently, and at the same time renders the fabric less combustible, if used in strong solution after the final rinsing. Dish-cloths and dish-towels must be kept clean as a matter of health, as well as a necessity for clean, bright tableware. The greasy dish-cloth furnishes a most favorable field for the growth of germs. It must be washed with soap and hot water and dried thoroughly each time. All such cloths should form part of the weekly wash and receive all the disinfection possible, with soap, hot water and long drying in the sunshine and open air. Beware of disease-breeding, greasy, damp, dish-cloth hung in a warm, dark place. Oven towels, soiled with soot, etc., may be soaked over night in just enough kerosene to cover, then washed in cold water and soap. Preparation for Work. All clothes, whether washed at home or sent to a public laundry, should bo plainly marked. Sort the clothes for the wash, putting each class in a pile by itself. Look over each article and remove any stains before putting it into the water. If the white clothes are very dirty they should be soaked in cold water, to which a little dissolved soda or borax may be added, for houio hours. Wring the clothes, rubbing the very soiled spots, out of the cold water and wash in the following order : 1. Fine things, such as muslins, lace, collars and cuffs. 2. Table linen. 3. Bed and body linen, including handkerchiefs, or wash handkerchiefs by themselves. 4. Prints and colored cottons. 5. Flannels (using fresh water). In winter flannels should be washed first if dried out of doors. 6. Coarse things, such as kitchen towels, dusters, etc. Laundry tubs should be carefully washed and dried. Wooden tubs, if kept in a dry place, should be turned upside down, and have the bottoms covered with a little water. The rubber rollers of the wringer may be kept clean and white by rubbing them with a clean cloth and a few drops of kerosene (coal oil). CHAPTER XVIL Emergencies. As frequent accidents occur during the performance of household duties, a few suggestions as to how slight injuries should be treated may prove useful to the young housekeeper. Cuts. — A cut should be washed with cold water, covered with a small pad of cotton, bound up, and left alone. Should matter form, the bandage must be taken off, the wound bathed with carbolized water, 1-80, and a little carbolized vaseline spread on a bit of linen and laid over it. The washing and dressing should be repeated two or three times a day if there is much discharge. Bruises. — A flannel wrung out of very hot water, and laid on a bruise, relieves the soreness. For bruises on the face, apply ice. Brown paper wet in vinegar is an old-fashioned remedy. If the skin is broken, treat as a wound, with carbolized water and carbolized vaseline. Sjnains. — Both hot and cold treatment is recommended. Immerse the joint in water as hot as can be borne. Keep up the temperature by gradually adding more hot water. Let it soak for an hour or mon\ Then wrap in warm flannel, and surround with hot water bags or bottles.

Public school household science