"When one is forty miles from a lemon, one may still have 'lemon- ade* by using citric acid in crystals or pulverized, with or without a pure lemon tincture as flavoring. No ill effects can .accrue from using this acid in such trifling quantity as required to make tart a drink or pudding sauce. It cannot completely take the place of the fruit juice, but, as it is the acid found in, and taken from the fruits of the citrus family, it can be substituted, therefore, if necessary, in moderation with- out harm." — R. M. Fletcher Berry. EQUIPMENT OF KITCHEN (Care and Requirements) Kitchen Floor The kitchen floor will be more sanitary and easily kept clean if well oiled. Then, with warm, soapy water the floor can be cleansed. Avoid white scrubbed floor. Constant scrubbing with strong alkalies robs the wood of its natural resistance to absorption. Thereby rendering it less sanitary. A model kitchen will be provided with ranges, work tables, sink and cupboards easy of access and arranged in proper relation to each other to avoid needless steps in the preparation of the food, in the placing of it on the table, and the clearing up of soiled dishes. China Closets and Cupboards For convenience in placing food and dishes on the table a combina- tion china closet and cupboard should be built in between the kitchen and dining-room with shelves, and drawers and a serving buffet accessible from both rooms. Wheel Tray If living in rented apartments without these conveniences built in, provide a wheel tray upon which to place all needed articles for setting the table. When food is prepared the wheel tray will convey it to the dining-room and later carry the soiled dishes to the kitchen. In the absence of a wheel tray a light pine box thirty-two inches long and about twenty-four by fourteen inches can be substituted by putting ball bearing rubberoid casters on one end and staining the box to corre- spond with the finish of the woodwork or enameling it an ivory white. , Sinks Sinks should be placed in the center of wall space instead of in corner of kitchen. Sinks should have drain pipe in the center with drainboard on each side. The drain pipe should be provided with large trap and easily re- movable screw cap, which, in case of emergency can be taken off to drain a stopped up pipe. Before leaving the kitchen sink when the work is com- pleted, a quart or so of boiling water should be poured down the sink to flush the pipes and leave the trap full of clean water. Pantry Only in the larger families are pantries a necessity where large stores of food must be kept. For the small or medium family kitchen cupboards and refrigerator will take care of all provisions and have everything easily accessible. 94 Domestic Science LESSON No. 20 Lighting and Ventilation Too much attention cannot be given to the proper arrangement for light and ventilation. If the kitchen is a one-story addition, there is noth- ing better than a properly constructed metal skylight with ventilator.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

"When one is forty miles from a lemon, one may still have 'lemonade' by using citric acid in crystals or pulverized, with or without a pure lemon tincture as flavoring. No ill effects can accrue from using this acid in such trifling quantity as required to make tart a drink or pudding sauce. It cannot completely take the place of the fruit juice, but, as it is the acid found in, and taken from the fruits of the citrus family, it can be substituted, therefore, if necessary, in moderation without harm." — R. M. Fletcher Berry. EQUIPMENT OF KITCHEN (Care and Requirements) Kitchen Floor The kitchen floor will be more sanitary and easily kept clean if well oiled. Then, with warm, soapy water the floor can be cleansed. Avoid white scrubbed floor. Constant scrubbing with strong alkalies robs the wood of its natural resistance to absorption. Thereby rendering it less sanitary. A model kitchen will be provided with ranges, work tables, sink and cupboards easy of access and arranged in proper relation to each other to avoid needless steps in the preparation of the food, in the placing of it on the table, and the clearing up of soiled dishes. China Closets and Cupboards For convenience in placing food and dishes on the table a combination china closet and cupboard should be built in between the kitchen and dining-room with shelves, and drawers and a serving buffet accessible from both rooms. Wheel Tray If living in rented apartments without these conveniences built in, provide a wheel tray upon which to place all needed articles for setting the table. When food is prepared the wheel tray will convey it to the dining-room and later carry the soiled dishes to the kitchen. In the absence of a wheel tray a light pine box thirty-two inches long and about twenty-four by fourteen inches can be substituted by putting ball bearing rubberoid casters on one end and staining the box to correspond with the finish of the woodwork or enameling it an ivory white. Sinks Sinks should be placed in the center of wall space instead of in corner of kitchen. Sinks should have drain pipe in the center with drainboard on each side. The drain pipe should be provided with large trap and easily removable screw cap, which, in case of emergency can be taken off to drain a stopped up pipe. Before leaving the kitchen sink when the work is completed, a quart or so of boiling water should be poured down the sink to flush the pipes and leave the trap full of clean water. Pantry Only in the larger families are pantries a necessity where large stores of food must be kept. For the small or medium family kitchen cupboards and refrigerator will take care of all provisions and have everything easily accessible. Domestic Science LESSON No. 20 Lighting and Ventilation Too much attention cannot be given to the proper arrangement for light and ventilation. If the kitchen is a one-story addition, there is nothing better than a properly constructed metal skylight with ventilator.

Twenty lessons in domestic science