Energy requirements during growth. — In estimating food
requirements of those who are under twenty-five years old,
we must bear in mind that the same materials which serve
for fuel serve in part for building material. Protein is used
for muscle building as well as for suppljdng energy, and the
larger one grows, the greater the reserves of carbohydrate
and fat which he can carry. Furthermore, internal activity
is greater in the young than the middle aged or very old, and
external activity is apt also to be greater. Think, for in-
stance, how much running children do compared with their
parents. For all these reasons, we cannot use the table for
adults in calculating the energy requirement of young people.
In the following table an attempt has been made to take ac-
count of their greater needs, but the estimates include only
moderate exercise; with hard work more will be required.
Notice that the highest allowance per pound of body weight
is for the youngest children.
MENUS AND DIETARIES 301
Energy Requirements during Growth
Agfi in Years Calories per pound
per day
Under 1 45
1-2 45-40
2-5 40-36
6-9 36-30
10-13 30-27
14-17 27-20
17-25 not less than 18
With these two tables for calculating energy requirement
we can determine about how muoh will be needed by each
member of the family. A group consisting of a professional
man, his wife, and three children under 16 will require about
10,000 Calories per day; a workingman's family with the
same number of children from 12,000 to 14,000, because of
the harder work which both parents and possibly the chil-
dren will do.
Protein requirement. — Since few of our foods consist
of a single foodstuff, and we are not likely to make even a
single meal on pure fat, or pure protein, or pure carbohydrate
alone, we are sure to get some building material in any diet,
but we must see to it that we are getting amounts which
furnish the best possible conditions for growth and repair.
As we have already seen, nitrogen in the form of protein
is necessary to the life of every cell in the body. From pro-
tein, too, muscle is built, though we cannot build good muscle
merely by feeding protein ; a diet moderate in its amount of
protein, but with plenty of fuel for healthy exercise is best
for muscle building. Under all ordinary conditions, if ten
to fifteen Calories in every hundred (10 to 15 per cent of the
total Calories) are from protein, the need for this kind of
building material will be met. Thus a family requiring
10,000 Calories per day should have from 1000 to 1500 oi
these as protein Calories. The following table gives the pro-
302 FOODS AND HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT
tein Calories in the 100-Calorie portions of some common
food materials.
Table Showing Distribution op Calories in
100-Calorie Portions op Common Food Materials
Pood Matkbial
Almonds, shelled
Apples, fresh . .
Bacon ....
Bananas . . .
Beans, dried . .
Beef, lean round
Bread ....
Butter ....
Cabbage . . .
Carrots . . .
Cheese, American
Cod, salt (boneless)
Commeal . . .
Eggs, whole . .
Flour, white . .
Lamb chops . .
Lentils ....
Macaroni . . .
Milk, whole . .
Milk, skimmed .
Oats, rolled . .
Peanuts, shelled .
Peas, canned . .
Peas, dried . .
Salmon, canned .
Veal
Walnuts, shelled
DiSTBIBUTION OF C
Wbioht
Pbotbin
Pat
Ounces
0.5
13
77
7.5
2
6
0.5
6
94
5.5
5
6
l.O
26
5
2.5
54
46
1.4
14
4
Page 149
Presented as published in 1914. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
Energy requirements during growth. — In estimating food requirements of those who are under twenty-five years old, we must bear in mind that the same materials which serve for fuel serve in part for building material. Protein is used for muscle building as well as for supplying energy, and the larger one grows, the greater the reserves of carbohydrate and fat which he can carry. Furthermore, internal activity is greater in the young than the middle aged or very old, and external activity is apt also to be greater. Think, for instance, how much running children do compared with their parents. For all these reasons, we cannot use the table for adults in calculating the energy requirement of young people. In the following table an attempt has been made to take account of their greater needs, but the estimates include only moderate exercise; with hard work more will be required. Notice that the highest allowance per pound of body weight is for the youngest children.
Energy Requirements during Growth
Agfi in Years Calories per pound
per day
Under 1 45
1-2 45-40
2-5 40-36
6-9 36-30
10-13 30-27
14-17 27-20
17-25 not less than 18
With these two tables for calculating energy requirement we can determine about how much will be needed by each member of the family. A group consisting of a professional man, his wife, and three children under 16 will require about 10,000 Calories per day; a workingman's family with the same number of children from 12,000 to 14,000, because of the harder work which both parents and possibly the children will do.
Protein requirement. — Since few of our foods consist of a single foodstuff, and we are not likely to make even a single meal on pure fat, or pure protein, or pure carbohydrate alone, we are sure to get some building material in any diet, but we must see to it that we are getting amounts which furnish the best possible conditions for growth and repair.
As we have already seen, nitrogen in the form of protein is necessary to the life of every cell in the body. From protein, too, muscle is built, though we cannot build good muscle merely by feeding protein ; a diet moderate in its amount of protein, but with plenty of fuel for healthy exercise is best for muscle building. Under all ordinary conditions, if ten to fifteen Calories in every hundred (10 to 15 per cent of the total Calories) are from protein, the need for this kind of building material will be met. Thus a family requiring 10,000 Calories per day should have from 1000 to 1500 oi these as protein Calories. The following table gives the pro-
tein Calories in the 100-Calorie portions of some common food materials.
Table Showing Distribution op Calories in 100-Calorie Portions op Common Food Materials
Pood Matkbial
Almonds, shelled Apples, fresh . . Bacon .... Bananas . . . Beans, dried . . Beef, lean round Bread .... Butter .... Cabbage . . . Carrots . . . Cheese, American Cod, salt (boneless) Commeal . . . Eggs, whole . . Flour, white . . Lamb chops . . Lentils .... Macaroni . . . Milk, whole . . Milk, skimmed . Oats, rolled . . Peanuts, shelled . Peas, canned . . Peas, dried . . Salmon, canned .
Veal
Walnuts, shelled
DiSTBIBUTION OF C
Wbioht
Pbotbin
Pat
Ounces
0.5
7.5
0.5
5.5
l.O
2.5
1.4