Domestic science, principles and application

and upon the eye-ball. In the latter situation a physician should always be consulted. To examine the lower lid, draw down with the fingers and at the same time tell the patient to look up; if the particle is not there, evert the upper lid by standing behind the patient, with his head upon your chest, and tell him to look down at his feet. At the same time press a match or the end of a finger firmly about a quarter of an inch behind the margin of the lid, draw the lid down by the lashes and turn it upward and outward over the match or fingertip. If the particle is not visible, search the ball of the eye carefully for it, and if found lift it gently by a quick movement with the point of a burnt match or toothpick. Poisons are caused by the presence in our bodies of substances which act upon the body tissues and life itself, and must be treated at once. Poisons are of several kinds: (1) Corrosive poisons, which act instantly; (2) irritant poisons, which produce inflamation of the tissues; and (3) narcotic poisons, which produce unconsciousness. Treatment. — Send for a physician at once; in the meantime try to produce vomiting to expell the poison, and give an antidote for the poison. To produce vomiting, run the finger down the throat or give an emetic. A good emetic is a mixture of }/2 pint warm water and a tablespoonful of mustard or salt, or plenty of warm water is often effective. An acid and an alkaline substance neutralize each other when put together; so in case of acid poisoning give an alkali (baking soda); and in the case of alkali poisoning, give an acid (dilute vinegar) for an antidote. Antidotes injure the inside of the stomach and must be followed by some substance like milk, white of egg, or EMERGENCIES AND FIRST AID oil. Stir the whites of four eggs in a quart of water and make the patient drink as much as he can. Poisons and their Antidotes Corrosive poisons Acids — Carbolic Nitric Sulphuric Hydrochloric Oxalic Give an emetic, — an alkali; as, limewater or a solution of soda and water. Follow later with white of eggs. Alkalis Ammonia Lye Potash Give vinegar and water, or lemon juice. Large dose of oil or milk to form an emulsion. Irritant poisons Rat poison Arsenic Paris green Iodine Phosphorus matches Bichloride of mercury Narcotic poisons Alcohol Chloroform Opium Morphine Laudanum Aconite Strychnine Camphor balls Give an emetic, — warm water and mustard. Follow with milk or white of eggs. Same, also Epsom salts. Give an emetic. Keep the patient awake. Give strong black coffee. Use artificial respiration and stimulation. EQUIPMENT FOR TEACHING DOMESTIC SCIENCE Principles of Selection. — A domestic science equipment to be adequate must include all the necessary apparatus for the application of principles and actual cookery in the class-room. If the equipment is too meager, the work is restricted and girls do not learn the value of good utensils; if too elaborate, ingenuity is not developed and girls get extravagant ideas that are not practical or possible in the average home.