Treatment. — Apply pressure above and below the cut.
Raise the portion of the body that is cut. Bind the cut
with antiseptic gauze bandage directly on the wound
tight enough to stop the flow of blood. In severe bleeding
use a tourniquet to tighten the bandage. This is made
by putting a stick under the bandage and twisting it to
tighten it. Ice, salt, and alum cause the blood to coagu-
late and are used on wounds in cases of emergency
Infection. — Infection is caused by the presence of bac-
teria. To prevent infection in a wound that has not bled
freely, clean it thoroughly by washing with a salt solution
or alcohol, or a weak solution of carbolic acid, not more
than 3 per cent; then bind with antiseptic gauze.
Burns are caused by contact with dry heat, as from
hot metal; scalds are caused by moist heat, as from liquids,
including acids.
Treatment. — Cover with a wet cloth sprinkled with
baking soda or dipped in boric acid, or apply vaseline or
olive oil. Usually a cloth saturated with olive oil will
relieve the pain. Where the skin is destroyed, watch the
burn carefully to prevent infection. In case the clothing
catches on fire, wrap the patient in a heavy rug, blanket.
EMERGENCIES AND FIRST AID 329
or coat at once to smother the flames. Send for a physician
in severe cases.
Frost bite is caused by prolonged exposure of the body
to a very low temperature. It produces a loss of vitality
and the affected part becomes stiff and white.
Treatment. — Never take a frozen person into a warm
room or apply heat to a frozen part. The temperature
must be raised gradually. Remov^e the clothing, if any,
on the affected part, and rub with snow or cold water;
later rub with the hand carefully to restore the circulation
but do not injure the skin. Stimulants, like brandy, may
be given in severe cases, or allow the patient to inhale the
fumes of ammonia from a handkerchief to restore con-
sciousness.
Asphyxia. — This is a condition of unconsciousness due
to a great diminution of oxygen in the blood, caused by an
obstruction in the air passages of the throat or lungs, or
to the presence of poisonous gases, such as coal gas from
stoves or illuminating and sewer gas.
Treatment. — Remove the cause, in order that the lungs
may be supplied with the proper amount of pure air.
Reestablish respiration by artificial means. This is
produced by moving the arms upward above the head,
to elevate the ribs and expand the chest; then slowly low-
ering the elbows and pressing them against the sides of
the body. Repeat this movement fifteen times a minute
until the patient is recovered. Stimulate the heart and
the circulation by the use of stimulants, warm applications,
and friction. Send for a physician and the pulmotor.
Earache. — Apply hot applications. See a physician as
soon as possible.
Foreign Substance in the Eye. — Foreign bodies, such
as particles of dust and cinders, may lodge under the lids
S30 DOMESTIC SCIENCE
Page 137
Presented as published in 1914. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
Treatment. — Apply pressure above and below the cut. Raise the portion of the body that is cut. Bind the cut with antiseptic gauze bandage directly on the wound tight enough to stop the flow of blood. In severe bleeding use a tourniquet to tighten the bandage. This is made by putting a stick under the bandage and twisting it to tighten it. Ice, salt, and alum cause the blood to coagulate and are used on wounds in cases of emergency
Infection. — Infection is caused by the presence of bacteria. To prevent infection in a wound that has not bled freely, clean it thoroughly by washing with a salt solution or alcohol, or a weak solution of carbolic acid, not more than 3 per cent; then bind with antiseptic gauze.
Burns are caused by contact with dry heat, as from hot metal; scalds are caused by moist heat, as from liquids, including acids.
Treatment. — Cover with a wet cloth sprinkled with baking soda or dipped in boric acid, or apply vaseline or olive oil. Usually a cloth saturated with olive oil will relieve the pain. Where the skin is destroyed, watch the burn carefully to prevent infection. In case the clothing catches on fire, wrap the patient in a heavy rug, blanket.
EMERGENCIES AND FIRST AID 329
or coat at once to smother the flames. Send for a physician in severe cases.
Frost bite is caused by prolonged exposure of the body to a very low temperature. It produces a loss of vitality and the affected part becomes stiff and white.
Treatment. — Never take a frozen person into a warm room or apply heat to a frozen part. The temperature must be raised gradually. Remove the clothing, if any, on the affected part, and rub with snow or cold water; later rub with the hand carefully to restore the circulation but do not injure the skin. Stimulants, like brandy, may be given in severe cases, or allow the patient to inhale the fumes of ammonia from a handkerchief to restore consciousness.
Asphyxia. — This is a condition of unconsciousness due to a great diminution of oxygen in the blood, caused by an obstruction in the air passages of the throat or lungs, or to the presence of poisonous gases, such as coal gas from stoves or illuminating and sewer gas.
Treatment. — Remove the cause, in order that the lungs may be supplied with the proper amount of pure air. Reestablish respiration by artificial means. This is produced by moving the arms upward above the head, to elevate the ribs and expand the chest; then slowly lowering the elbows and pressing them against the sides of the body. Repeat this movement fifteen times a minute until the patient is recovered. Stimulate the heart and the circulation by the use of stimulants, warm applications, and friction. Send for a physician and the pulmotor.
Earache. — Apply hot applications. See a physician as soon as possible.
Foreign Substance in the Eye. — Foreign bodies, such as particles of dust and cinders, may lodge under the lids