FoodNetArchive

Practical gastronomy and culinary dictionary

1892

Page 4

Presented as published in 1892. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
Warner in his " Antiquitates Culinariae," 1791, gives some specimens of Roman cookery recipes : two of these show how the Roman cook of the Apician epoch used to dress a hog's paunch, and how to manufacture "sauce for a boiled chicken." Another name known as that of a famous Roman epicure is "Trojan," who, it is said, was the true godfather of the culinary manual. M. W. Carew Hazlitt, in his work on " Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine," gives that full credit to the ancient Roman Cathohc clergy, which has not always been accorded to them, of being largely instrumental in modifying the early barbarism of the table and of encouraging the study of gastronomy. Their secluded THE ART OP COOKERY 13 life, he thinks, led them " to seek some compensation for the loss of the other wordly pleasures in those of the table." In the early days the choice of animal food was somewhat coarse as well as exclusive, as at that time the whale was in considerable requisition for gastronomic purposes. It was found on the royal table as well as on that of the Lord Mayor of London, who had then evidently, as now, a weakness for culinary delicacies. The "piece de resistance," I read, at a banquet which Wolsey gave some of his official acquaintances in 1509 was a young porpoise, and it was customary for such to be taken to the banqueting hall whole, and carved by the officer in attendance. In the fifteenth century the list of dishes in vogue was augmented, and amongst others in regular use were fish soup, wine soup, and ale soup. The cannibals of the ancient world (Anthropophagi) greedily devoured the carcasses of their fellow creatures ; while the inoffensive " Cabri " (a Scythian tribe) found both food and drink in the agreeable nut of the Pontic tree; the "Lotophagi" lived entirely on the fruit of the lotus tree ; the savage " Troglodyte " esteemed a living serpent the most delicate of all morsels while the capricious palate of the " Ziguntini " preferred the ape to everything. The Eomans usually began their feasts with eggs, and ended them with fruits ; hence Ab ovo usque ad mala. During the luxurious period of their empire, 14 PRACTICAL GASTRONOMY they took five meals a day ; which consisted of the following : a breakfast (ye?itocwZ^im) ; a dinner (^:)raw{?mm), which was a light meal without any formal preparation ; between dinner and supper they had a kind of tea as we would call it [merenda) ; a supper {cospa or coRua) ; this formed their great meal, and generally consisted of two courses, the first of meats, the second of a sort of dessert ; another meal was served after supper : this was called comissatio, something delicious or revelling. The dishes which the Eomans held in the highest estimation were : pheasants* (_2j/iasza?iz^, "ex Phaside Colchido fluvio "), nightingales {hiscinics), thrushes (turdi), ducks, geese, sausages, and puddings. The meat of the Porpoise, a marine animal, was dressed in various ways, salted, roasted, and stewed. The flesh of it was hard and rancid, and, although now quite unknown, it is said that it was sold in the markets of most Portuguese towns in the last century. The swan was also a most favourite dish in the time of our ancestors. At a dinner given by the Earl of Northumber- land in the year 1512 it is said that the number, con- sumed amounted to twenty.