FoodNet

Our viands

1893

Page 19

Presented as published in 1893. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
Those who visited the West Indian court of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition — and especially that part devoted to British Guiana — must have noticed a number of flat white cakes hung up in nets and labelled Cassava Bread^ but the greater number of those who saw probably went away as wise as before. They might also have seen, in this same court, glass jars rilled with a white substance, cut in thin slices, and labelled sweet and bitter cassava, and, at the entrance, they might probably have been attracted by the figure of an Indian woman, with a child on her back, sitting on a piece of wood attached to a very curiously-shaped long basket, but, unless they had lived in the West Indies, it would never have occurred to them to connect this basket and the woman with bread-making in any form ; yet this basket forms an important adjunct to the art of bread-making in the West Indies, for the cassava is the root of a plant known as Jatropha manihot, or, shortly, manioc, which when fresh is a deadly poison, but 44 VARIOUS BREAD-STUFFS 45 when properly prepared is an excellent and very nourishing food. The mode of preparation is to take the root and rasp it on tin or wooden graters : the raspings are then placed in the long plaited basket, which is hung to a tree, and drawn down by means of a weight attached to a pole at the bottom. Sometimes, as represented at the Exhibition, a woman sits on the pole to drag the basket out to its full extent, thus squeezing all the juice from the rasped root, which, when sufficiently squeezed, is emptied out on raw hides and dried in the sun. It is then baked on smooth plates made of clay. The coarse flour is spread out quite dry on the hot plates, and made into very thin, flat, round cakes by the women, who turn it very dexterously by means of two pieces of split cane. When baked it will keep any length of time. The starch precipitated from the poisonous juice of the manioc forms that excellent and nutritious food known as tapioca, and the dried root itself is also eaten, and is very excellent food, so that in nothing is the old adage that ' one man's meat is another man's poison' better exemplified than in this plant Jatropha manihot^ for whilst it supplies good and wholesome food for thousands, the extracted juice is so poisonous that it was used by the Indians to poison their enemies the Spaniards, and it is said to cause death in a few minutes. Nevertheless, not only is the prepared root eaten with impunity and used in making several fermented liquors, but the leaves also are boiled and eaten. Cassava or manioc, prepared in the same way — that is, by extracting the poisonous juice — is used as food not only in the West Indies, but in West Africa, Madagascar, and many of the South Sea Islands, but it is being gradually superseded by maize and wheat, although it seems a pity that it should 46 OUR VIANDS be thus superseded, for we are told that an acre planted with Jatropha manihot will yield nourishment to more people than six acres planted with wheat.