The room should be carefully swept each day. A hard-
wood floor is the easiest to keep clean. If the floor is bare,
wrap the broom in a cloth, for this will take up the dust
with very little noise. If the room is carpeted, sweep it
with a damp broom. Always dust with a duster which has
been dampened in some mild antiseptic solution.
The air in the room must be kept as fresh as the air out-
side. This can be done by keeping the windows open slightly
at both top and bottom, being careful to have plenty of light
but warm clothing over the patient. Twice each day the
windows must be opened wide, and the air completely
changed. Screens should be placed between the bed and
the windows to prevent draughts coming in contact with the
185
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186 SECOND YEAR
patient. Do not let the temperature go above 70*^ in the
daytime or 68® at night.
Care of the Patient. — One very essential point in the care
of the patient is the making of the bed. Your school nurse
will show you the proper method of making a hospital bed,
and how to change it if the patient is too ill to sit up while
the bed is being remade. If the patient has long hair, brush
it and braid it in two braids. The mouth and teeth should
be kept sweet and clean by brushing and rinsing after eating
and medicine taking. Keep the patient comfortable by fre-
quently rearranging the pillows and straightening up the bed.
The normal temperature of the body is 98°. A tempera-
ture above or below this indicates that something is wrong
somewhere. The temperature should be taken twice a day
with a clinical thermometer. The pulse is also a guide to
the patient's condition, for it tells the condition of the heart.
To take the pulse requires practice. Your school nurse will
show you how to do it and how to become thoroughly
acquainted with the characteristics of a healthy pulse. The
average pulse of a man is 60-70 beats per minute,
of a woman is 65-80 beats per minute,
of a child is 90-100 beats per minute.
Your manner towards the patient must be kind and consid-
erate. In order to care for the patient properly, you must
take time for rest tod exercise yourself. Dress in some light
wash material. Do not whisper in the sick room or discuss
the symptoms of the case with the patient. Do not lean or
sit' on the bed. Keep all the windows, chairs, doors, etc.,
oiled so that they cannot squeak and annoy the patient.
First Aid. — One of the chief things to remember in all
cases of sudden accident where first aid is necessary is self-
control. If the accident is severe, send for the doctor at
once, and in the meantime do what you can to make the
patient comfortable. Many minor cases of accident can be
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HOME NURSING 187
cared for, and serious results prevented by prompt attention
from a member of the family who understands something of
the circulation of the blood, infection of woimds, causes and
treatment of sudden imconsciousness, and antidotes for
poisons.
Bleeding. — Blood from an artery is bright red, and flows
rapidly in spurts. Blood from a capillary is bright red, but
oozes out slowly. Blood from a vein is dark blue, flowing
in a steady uniform stream. The quickest method of stop-
ping the flow of blood is to elevate the part, and apply pres-
sure above, below, and on, the woimd. Make a compress of
a clean bandage, and bind it directly on the wound until the
bleeding stops. In cases of severe bleeding bind a bandage
tightly above the woimd, stick a pencil or stick through this,
and turn it until the blood vessel has been closed. This is
called a tourniquet. Ice causes the artery walls to contract
and this helps to stop the bleeding. Alum, vinegar, and
salt all act in the same way, and can be used in an emer-
gency.
Page 76
Presented as published in 1913. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
The room should be carefully swept each day. A hardwood floor is the easiest to keep clean. If the floor is bare, wrap the broom in a cloth, for this will take up the dust with very little noise. If the room is carpeted, sweep it with a damp broom. Always dust with a duster which has been dampened in some mild antiseptic solution.
The air in the room must be kept as fresh as the air outside. This can be done by keeping the windows open slightly at both top and bottom, being careful to have plenty of light but warm clothing over the patient. Twice each day the windows must be opened wide, and the air completely changed. Screens should be placed between the bed and the windows to prevent draughts coming in contact with the
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patient. Do not let the temperature go above 70*^ in the daytime or 68® at night.
Care of the Patient. — One very essential point in the care of the patient is the making of the bed. Your school nurse will show you the proper method of making a hospital bed, and how to change it if the patient is too ill to sit up while the bed is being remade. If the patient has long hair, brush it and braid it in two braids. The mouth and teeth should be kept sweet and clean by brushing and rinsing after eating and medicine taking. Keep the patient comfortable by frequently rearranging the pillows and straightening up the bed.
The normal temperature of the body is 98°. A temperature above or below this indicates that something is wrong somewhere. The temperature should be taken twice a day with a clinical thermometer. The pulse is also a guide to the patient's condition, for it tells the condition of the heart. To take the pulse requires practice. Your school nurse will show you how to do it and how to become thoroughly acquainted with the characteristics of a healthy pulse. The average pulse of a man is 60-70 beats per minute,
of a woman is 65-80 beats per minute, of a child is 90-100 beats per minute.
Your manner towards the patient must be kind and considerate. In order to care for the patient properly, you must take time for rest tod exercise yourself. Dress in some light wash material. Do not whisper in the sick room or discuss the symptoms of the case with the patient. Do not lean or sit on the bed. Keep all the windows, chairs, doors, etc., oiled so that they cannot squeak and annoy the patient.
First Aid. — One of the chief things to remember in all cases of sudden accident where first aid is necessary is selfcontrol. If the accident is severe, send for the doctor at once, and in the meantime do what you can to make the patient comfortable. Many minor cases of accident can be
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HOME NURSING 187
cared for, and serious results prevented by prompt attention from a member of the family who understands something of the circulation of the blood, infection of woimds, causes and treatment of sudden imconsciousness, and antidotes for poisons.
Bleeding. — Blood from an artery is bright red, and flows rapidly in spurts. Blood from a capillary is bright red, but oozes out slowly. Blood from a vein is dark blue, flowing in a steady uniform stream. The quickest method of stopping the flow of blood is to elevate the part, and apply pressure above, below, and on, the woimd. Make a compress of a clean bandage, and bind it directly on the wound until the bleeding stops. In cases of severe bleeding bind a bandage tightly above the woimd, stick a pencil or stick through this, and turn it until the blood vessel has been closed. This is called a tourniquet. Ice causes the artery walls to contract and this helps to stop the bleeding. Alum, vinegar, and salt all act in the same way, and can be used in an emergency.