not "flasli" till warmed to 150° F. Some states require
a flashing point of 200° F. It is a question whetlier the
hovisekeeper should apply the standard test herself or trust
to the dealer. Miss Parloa advises filling a cup one-
quarter full of cold water, inserting a thermometer, and
then adding boiling water till the temperature reaches
110° F. At this point add two teaspoons oil and with
a lighted taper try to ignite the oil. If it takes fire, it
is not safe.
Kerosene of a high standard is in the end more economi-
cal even though more expensive, as it is more even and
lasting in its combustion.
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon similar but not equal in
value to good coal gas. It is obtained by boring in the
same way petroleum wells are bored. Though not as-
sociated together in the earth, the general conclusion is that
coal, petroleum, and natural gas must have a similar origin.
In regions where it is found, natural gas is used for heat-
ing, lighting, and cooking, proving a very ideal fuel.
Acetylene gas is not a natural product, being made artifi-
cially by action of water on calcium carbid, CaCa- It burns
with an intense white light ; but at present its use as a fuel
is problematical, as it has proved, under perhaps careless use,
very explosive. Some authorities state that there is some
acetylene gas formed in the inner cone of gas and candle
flames, and that light is largely due to its presence.
Alcohols. — Besides the wood alcohol which is produced
by destructive distillation of wood, there is a second
alcohol produced by fermentation. This alcoholic product
of fermentation is called ethyl alcohol or spirits of wine.
Both alcohols are very volatile and should be closely stop-
pered. They burn with a faint blue flame, producing a fair
amount of heat. They may be used in chafing-dish burners
as well as in lamps. The objection to wood alcohol is that
THE KITCHEN 47
often tliere is an unpleasant odor connected with its use,
and it is thought to be a poison, hence is used only as a
fuel, never as a solvent in food or medicine as ethyl alcohol
may be used.
Alcohol may be burned through a wick or from an
asbestos pad. The later method is wasteful, as if any
alcohol is unused it cannot be saved.
Method. — In oral language lessons and in reading give
the children the history of such of these fuels as are used
in their own homes. Secure from them and for them
specimens for study and exhibition. Lay special emphasis
on the comparative fuel value and cost of these materials,
letting them deduce these facts from their own observations
and experiments.
The Range: Theory, History of its Evolution, and
Practical Work
Kindling Point. — At ordinary temperatures very f eAV
substances unite readily with oxygen, but require a very
high degree of heat before chemical union can take place.
This degree varies with each substance and is known as its
kindling point.
Page 26
Presented as published in 1900. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
not "flash" till warmed to 150° F. Some states require a flashing point of 200° F. It is a question whether the housekeeper should apply the standard test herself or trust to the dealer. Miss Parloa advises filling a cup onequarter full of cold water, inserting a thermometer, and then adding boiling water till the temperature reaches 110° F. At this point add two teaspoons oil and with a lighted taper try to ignite the oil. If it takes fire, it is not safe.
Kerosene of a high standard is in the end more economical even though more expensive, as it is more even and lasting in its combustion.
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon similar but not equal in value to good coal gas. It is obtained by boring in the same way petroleum wells are bored. Though not associated together in the earth, the general conclusion is that coal, petroleum, and natural gas must have a similar origin. In regions where it is found, natural gas is used for heating, lighting, and cooking, proving a very ideal fuel.
Acetylene gas is not a natural product, being made artificially by action of water on calcium carbid, CaC2 It burns with an intense white light ; but at present its use as a fuel is problematical, as it has proved, under perhaps careless use, very explosive. Some authorities state that there is some acetylene gas formed in the inner cone of gas and candle flames, and that light is largely due to its presence.
Alcohols. — Besides the wood alcohol which is produced by destructive distillation of wood, there is a second alcohol produced by fermentation. This alcoholic product of fermentation is called ethyl alcohol or spirits of wine. Both alcohols are very volatile and should be closely stoppered. They burn with a faint blue flame, producing a fair amount of heat. They may be used in chafing-dish burners as well as in lamps. The objection to wood alcohol is that
often there is an unpleasant odor connected with its use, and it is thought to be a poison, hence is used only as a fuel, never as a solvent in food or medicine as ethyl alcohol may be used.
Alcohol may be burned through a wick or from an asbestos pad. The later method is wasteful, as if any alcohol is unused it cannot be saved.
Method. — In oral language lessons and in reading give the children the history of such of these fuels as are used in their own homes. Secure from them and for them specimens for study and exhibition. Lay special emphasis on the comparative fuel value and cost of these materials, letting them deduce these facts from their own observations and experiments.
The Range: Theory, History of its Evolution, and Practical Work
Kindling Point. — At ordinary temperatures very f eAV substances unite readily with oxygen, but require a very high degree of heat before chemical union can take place. This degree varies with each substance and is known as its kindling point.