FoodNet

Handbook of domestic science and household arts for use in elementary schools

1900

Page 148

Presented as published in 1900. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
Practice Work. — Dampen and roll up colored apron. Soak white apron and handkerchiefs in warm suds. Make thin starch with one level tablespoonful of cornstarch and one quart of water, boil well, and add a very little bluing. To find out that the starch is the right consistency, dip a piece of muslin into it and iron it. The muslin should seem like new, never be stiff or rattle. Squeeze the dirt out of the muslin, never rub it on the board. If it is soiled, rub it very gently between the hands. Boil, rinse well, blue, and put the muslin into the thin starch. Wring the muslin between cloths but do not twist it, shake and cla]) it between the hands until dry enough to iron. Stretch it 304 HANDBOOK OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE into shape upon the board, iron first the strings, next the band, then the hem, and lastly from hem to band. Be sure that each part is left dry and free from wrinkles. If a part dries too soon, rub it lightly with a damp cloth and iron it again. Handkerchiefs should be soaked in a strong suds by themselves, especially if the owner has been suffering from a cold. They should be well boiled, but do not need starch unless they are very thin ; in that case put a little starch into the bluing- water. This makes the linen seem like new, no stiffer. Usually handkerchiefs are hung in the sun to bleach and dry, then they are sprinkled and ironed with a hot iron while yet quite damp. This stiffens them. Fine embroidered handkerchiefs may be clear starched, clapped dry, and ironed wrong side up over several thicknesses of flannel. Fold handkerchiefs like a napkin, square and true. Iron colored apron as you did the white one, and hang it to air. Course I : Lesson VII Wool (Underwear) . — Under the microscope we see that the wool fibre is composed of numbers of sheaths, about three thousand to the inch. The outer edge of each sheath or section is uneven and often jagged. These little points hook into each other when the fibres are slipped by, and when they would slip back to their original position tlie little hooks hold fast and the material shrinks. This change of position of the fibres is caused by rubbing or by the expansion and contraction of heat and cold. Poor soaps tend to thicken flannels ; and if soap is rubbed into flannel, it is hard to remove without shrinking the material. As we do not wish to have flannels shrink, care must be taken that conditions are right. Practice Work. — Make soap solution. Shake and brush THE LAUNDRY 305 underwear to get all the loose dirt out of it. Make a suds in two or more tubs, having temperature of all the same — about 100° Fahrenheit, the temperature of the body — that is, so that the hand can very comfortably be held in the water. Add half a tablespoonful of ammonia for each gallon of water and put underwear a-soak for ten minutes or twenty. Squeeze the dirt out, never rub it. Put the garment through a wringer, do not twist or wring it by hand. Never rub soap on it. Put it through a second suds and a third if necessary. If a soiled part does not yield to this treatment, stretch it upon some smooth surface and with a soap solution on a soft brush, rub it. Rinse the garment in several waters of the same temperature as the first. If the water is hard, add a little soap solution to soften it. Rinse until the water is clear.