Mothers* milk furnishes a little less than one-tenth of the total calories from protein. As this is by nature intended for the period of greatest growth, this is probably enough for any age, provided the protein is well adapted for use in body-building. 4. Standard for Mineral Elements. This has not been determined so accurately as has the total calorie requirement. It is probable that there is a larger demand for mineral elements in proportion to the total calorie requirement during growth than in adult life. Calcium, iron, and phosphorus are the mineral elements which are least likely to be present in sufficient amounts. The requirement is usually stated as follows : Calcium oxide [CaO] 1.0 gram Iron [Fe] 015 gram Phosphoric acid [P2O61 2.75 grams E. B. Forbes of the Ohio Experiment Station says : "Generally speaking, a high ash content of the food is desirable, since the organism is much better able to handle an excess of ash constituents than to meet a deficiency. APPENDIX 299 It is good practice, therefore, to utilize the water in which foods are cooked, in so far as this can be done without detracting from the acceptability of the food, since the cooking water dissolves out much mineral matter. An abundance of mineral salts in the diet is also desirable, aside from nutritive considerations, because they con- tribute a laxative character to the food. Foods which are deficient in minerals are apt to be constipating. "A general character of the mineral nutrients of foods is the predominance of acid or basic elements. If the nutrients are present in the proportions in which they are needed the bases will predominate, and it is probably best that the bases should exceed the acid elements in the diet. It is true, however, that the organism has the ca- pacity to neutralize a considerable excess of acids. Meat, eggs, and cereals have acid ash; vegetables, milk, and most fruits have alkaline ash. The latter group should be liberally represented in the diet." Foods High in Calcium Milk and cheese [both especially rich], eggs, vegetables, fruits, hard water. Foods High in Iron Beef, eggs, beans, peas, and other green vegetables [especially spinach], raisins, figs, dates, prunes. Foods High in Phosphorus Milk and cheese, eggs, nuts, vegetables [especially peas and beans], cereal products with outer seed coats. 300 FOOD STUDY TABLE OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT A. For Men Symonds's Table of Height and Weight for Men at Different Ages. Based on 74,162 accepted Applicants for Life Insurance. (Medical Record, Sept. 5, 1908.) Ages. 15-24 26-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 DO D«f 5 ft. 0 in. 120 125 128 131 133 134 134 134 131 1 in. 122 126 129 131 134 136 136 136 134 2 in. 124 128 131 133 136 138 138 138 137 3 in. 127 131 134 136 139 141 141 141 140 140 4 in. 131 135 138 140 143 144 145 145 144 143 Sin. 134 138 141 143 146 147 149 149 148 147 Gin. 138 142 145 147 150 151 153 153 153 151 7 in. 142 147 150 152 155 156 158 158 158 156 Sin. 146 151 154 159 160 161 163 163 163 162 9 in. 150 155 159 162 165 166 167 168 168 168 10 in. 154 159 164 167 170 171 172 173 174 174 11 in. 159 164 169 173 175 177 177 178 180 180 6 ft. 0 in. 165 170 175 179 180 183 182 183 185

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Mothers* milk furnishes a little less than one-tenth of the total calories from protein. As this is by nature intended for the period of greatest growth, this is probably enough for any age, provided the protein is well adapted for use in body-building. 4. Standard for Mineral Elements. This has not been determined so accurately as has the total calorie requirement. It is probable that there is a larger demand for mineral elements in proportion to the total calorie requirement during growth than in adult life. Calcium, iron, and phosphorus are the mineral elements which are least likely to be present in sufficient amounts. The requirement is usually stated as follows : Calcium oxide [CaO] 1.0 gram Iron [Fe] 015 gram Phosphoric acid [P2O61 2.75 grams E. B. Forbes of the Ohio Experiment Station says : "Generally speaking, a high ash content of the food is desirable, since the organism is much better able to handle an excess of ash constituents than to meet a deficiency. It is good practice, therefore, to utilize the water in which foods are cooked, in so far as this can be done without detracting from the acceptability of the food, since the cooking water dissolves out much mineral matter. An abundance of mineral salts in the diet is also desirable, aside from nutritive considerations, because they contribute a laxative character to the food. Foods which are deficient in minerals are apt to be constipating. "A general character of the mineral nutrients of foods is the predominance of acid or basic elements. If the nutrients are present in the proportions in which they are needed the bases will predominate, and it is probably best that the bases should exceed the acid elements in the diet. It is true, however, that the organism has the capacity to neutralize a considerable excess of acids. Meat, eggs, and cereals have acid ash; vegetables, milk, and most fruits have alkaline ash. The latter group should be liberally represented in the diet." Foods High in Calcium Milk and cheese [both especially rich], eggs, vegetables, fruits, hard water. Foods High in Iron Beef, eggs, beans, peas, and other green vegetables [especially spinach], raisins, figs, dates, prunes. Foods High in Phosphorus Milk and cheese, eggs, nuts, vegetables [especially peas and beans], cereal products with outer seed coats. TABLE OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT A. For Men Symonds's Table of Height and Weight for Men at Different Ages. Based on 74,162 accepted Applicants for Life Insurance. (Medical Record, Sept. 5, 1908.) Ages. 15-24 26-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 DO D«f 5 ft. 0 in. 1 in. 2 in. 3 in. 4 in. Sin. Gin. 7 in. Sin. 9 in. 10 in. 11 in. 6 ft. 0 in.

Food study