Select a piece of soft, flimsy woolen material or burlap and baste this under the hole in the floor covering. Either darn this down with yarn to match that used in the rug or use the yarn double and stick the needle through from the top. bring it up in HOUSEHOLD EECIPES 237 almost the same place and tie to the end above. Eepeat this process until the surface of the patch is covered with loops. Trim these off evenly. Removing Varnish Wash the surface with strong lye water, using a scrub brush so the hands will not touch the water. When most of the var- nish disappears, rinse the surface two or three times with clear water. The few spots of varnish left may be removed by apply- ing wood alcohol or by being rubbed with sandpaper. The sur- face should be sandpapered before being refinished. Sweetening Rancid Butter Soak the butter in water to which a small handful of baking soda has been added. After soaking some little time, drain off the water and wash the butter with sweet milk✪ Sweetening Rancid Butter. Work the milk out thoroughly and the flavor of the butter will be fresh. Pigments for Stains When staining furniture, woodwork or floors^ burnt umber may be added to give a black walnut color, burnt sienna for ma- hogany and yellow ocher for a yellow shade. Three tablespoon- fuls of any of these materials are added to a gallon of the stain. Polishes for Woodwork A good polish for wood surfaces is made by mixing together 1 cupful of turpentine, 1 cupful of linseed oil and 1 cupful of vinegar. Another excellent polish is prepared by mixing 1 cup- ful of linseed oil, 1 cupful of turpentine and 1 teaspoonful of ammonia together. Either of these polishes is sprinkled lightly on a soft cloth and applied to the furniture or woodwork with the grain of the wood. Repairing Plaster Cut away the edges of the crack or hole with a sharp paring knife, making them straight. Fill the cavity with plaster of Paris mixed with a little vinegar. The vinegar keeps the plaster 238 THE FARM COOK AND RULE BOOK of Paris from setting so quickly. A good filling for cracks in plaster is made by mixing II/2 tablespoonfuls of plaster of Paris with 3 tablespoonfuls of fine sand✪ Filling for Cracks in Plaster and moistening the mixture with vinegar. Removing Putty Putty may be removed from glass by applying a heated iron to the spot and when it becomes soft, scraping it off with a knife. If the putty is on the wood, either soften it with the hot iron, taking care not to scorch the wood, or apply a little dilute sul- phuric acid to it with a brush. After using the acid, wash the surface with soapy water and rinse two or three times in clear water. Renovating Gilt Picture Frames If pieces of the frame are broken off, use a bit of putty prop- erly shaped to build up the surface. Then apply a coat of gold paint. The putty should be allowed to dry before the paint is added. Packing Books and Pictures in Moving Since books are so heavy, pack them in several small boxes or barrels instead of one large one. Wrap the books in small pack- ages, placing a layer of paper between the bindings. Place about 6 books in every package. Use old newspapers for the wrapping paper. Tie every package of books with cord so they cannot rub together. These packages of books are packed in the box or bar- rel, the open space being filled with crumpled newspaper or ex- celsior so the books cannot move within the box.

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Select a piece of soft, flimsy woolen material or burlap and baste this under the hole in the floor covering. Either darn this down with yarn to match that used in the rug or use the yarn double and stick the needle through from the top. bring it up in HOUSEHOLD EECIPES 237 almost the same place and tie to the end above. Eepeat this process until the surface of the patch is covered with loops. Trim these off evenly. Removing Varnish Wash the surface with strong lye water, using a scrub brush so the hands will not touch the water. When most of the var- nish disappears, rinse the surface two or three times with clear water. The few spots of varnish left may be removed by apply- ing wood alcohol or by being rubbed with sandpaper. The sur- face should be sandpapered before being refinished. Sweetening Rancid Butter Soak the butter in water to which a small handful of baking soda has been added. After soaking some little time, drain off the water and wash the butter with sweet milk. Work the milk out thoroughly and the flavor of the butter will be fresh. Pigments for Stains When staining furniture, woodwork or floors^ burnt umber may be added to give a black walnut color, burnt sienna for ma- hogany and yellow ocher for a yellow shade. Three tablespoon- fuls of any of these materials are added to a gallon of the stain. Polishes for Woodwork A good polish for wood surfaces is made by mixing together 1 cupful of turpentine, 1 cupful of linseed oil and 1 cupful of vinegar. Another excellent polish is prepared by mixing 1 cup- ful of linseed oil, 1 cupful of turpentine and 1 teaspoonful of ammonia together. Either of these polishes is sprinkled lightly on a soft cloth and applied to the furniture or woodwork with the grain of the wood. Repairing Plaster Cut away the edges of the crack or hole with a sharp paring knife, making them straight. Fill the cavity with plaster of Paris mixed with a little vinegar. The vinegar keeps the plaster 238 THE FARM COOK AND RULE BOOK of Paris from setting so quickly. A good filling for cracks in plaster is made by mixing II/2 tablespoonfuls of plaster of Paris with 3 tablespoonfuls of fine sand and moistening the mixture with vinegar. Removing Putty Putty may be removed from glass by applying a heated iron to the spot and when it becomes soft, scraping it off with a knife. If the putty is on the wood, either soften it with the hot iron, taking care not to scorch the wood, or apply a little dilute sul- phuric acid to it with a brush. After using the acid, wash the surface with soapy water and rinse two or three times in clear water. Renovating Gilt Picture Frames If pieces of the frame are broken off, use a bit of putty prop- erly shaped to build up the surface. Then apply a coat of gold paint. The putty should be allowed to dry before the paint is added. Packing Books and Pictures in Moving Since books are so heavy, pack them in several small boxes or barrels instead of one large one. Wrap the books in small pack- ages, placing a layer of paper between the bindings. Place about 6 books in every package. Use old newspapers for the wrapping paper. Tie every package of books with cord so they cannot rub together. These packages of books are packed in the box or bar- rel, the open space being filled with crumpled newspaper or ex- celsior so the books cannot move within the box.

The farm cook & rule book