FoodNet

Elements of the theory and practice of cookery

1901

Page 28

Presented as published in 1901. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
Frying: cooking in hot fat deep enough to cover the article to be cooked. Sauteing ^ : cooking in a small quantity of hot fat. cooking in a fry- Pan-broiling: ing-pan or on a Pan-baking : griddle, with little or no fat. 10. Braising: a combination of stewing and baking. 11. Fricasseeing : a combination of frying and stew- ing. Table of Measures 3 teaspoonfuls make 1 tablespoonful 16 tablespoonfuls of any dry ingredient make . . . . ^ 1 cupful 12 tablespoonfuls of liquid make 1 cupful 4 cupf uls make 1 quart Table of Comparison between "Weights and Measures 2 cups of butter (packed solidly) is equal to 1 pound 2 cupfuls of finely chopped meat (packed solidly) •' 1 pound 2 cupfuls of granulated sugar " 1 pound 1 Pronounced sotaying. 2 A half-pint cup is the standard. 54 THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COOKERY 2% cupfuls of powdered sugar is equal to 1 pound 27^ cupfuls of brown sugar " 1 pound 2% cupfuls of oatmeal " 1 pound 4^ cupfuls of rolled oats " 1 pound 4 cupfuls of flour (about) " 1 pound 9 or 10 eggs " 1 pound 2 tablespoonfuls of butter '' 1 ounce 4 tablespoonfuls of flour " 1 ounce " The juice of one lemon " 3 tablespoonfuls Directions for Measuring 107. 1. Sift, or shake up lightly with a spooD, all dry materials (flour, baking-powder, etc.) before meas- uring them. Always sift mustard. 2. All measures are to be taken level unless other- wise directed.^ 3. To measure a cupful of dry material, fill the cup with a spoon or scoop, and level off Avith a case-knife. To measure a teaspoonful or tablespoonful of dry ma- terial, fill the spoon by dipping it into the material, lift it, and level off with a case-knife. To measure a half- spoonful, divide a spoon lengthwise with the knife. Divide a half-spoonful crosswise to measure a quarter, and a quarter-spoonful crosswise to measure an eighth. Less than an eighth of a teaspoonful is called " a few grains." (Plate IV.) 4. A cupful of liquid is all the cup will hold ; a spoonful of liquid is all the spoon will hold. A heaping 1 In most cookbooks, including all published before 1896, it is in- tended that spoonfuls of flour, baking-powder, sugar, butter, and lard should be measured rounded. One rounded spoonful is equal to two level spoonfuls. PLATE IV. ^tealllel• Colander Stniinors FLsh-boiler Double boiler Melon-mold Flour-sifter Funnel Vegetable press (for puddings, ice-cream, etc.) Lemon-squeezer Potato-masher Biscuit-cutter Cooking Utensils. One cupful of sugar weighing oue-half pound Quart-measure Measuring one cupful of dry material Half-pint measuring-cup One-half teaspoonful, One-fourth tablespoonful, measured measured Measuring. PREPARATORY LESSONS 55 spoonful of dry material is all the spoon will hold. A scant cujDful is measured by filling the cup to within one-eighth of an inch of the brim.