FoodNet

Elements of the theory and practice of cookery

1901

Page 133

Presented as published in 1901. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
477. Three kinds of diet. — Diets for the sick are classi- fied as liquid, light, and convalescent. Liquid diet consists entirely of liquid food. In typhoid fever, and sometimes in other cases of severe illness, nothing but milk is given for a long time. But usually beef juice or beef tea, broths, gruels, and, in fevers, cooling drinks are included in liquid diet. Hot milk or cocoa, given at night, induces sleep ; tea and coffee are usually for- bidden at all times, as too stimulating. Wine or liquor should never be given unless prescribed by the physician. Light diet is used in less severe illnesses, or when a patient that has been very sick begins to improve. It includes everything belonging to liquid diet, and, in addition, soft-cooked eggs, soup, gelatine jellies, soft puddings, custards, fruit, and a little game, poultry, or tender meat. Convalescent diet includes all ordinary dishes except those particularly difficult of digestion. The change from one diet to another should be made gradually. Below are given examples of each of these three kinds of diet. Liquid Diet for One Day 8 A.M. . . . Hot milk, ^ cupful. 10 A.M. . . . Chicken broth, ^ cupful. 12 A.M. . . . Eggnog. 2 P.M. . . . Hot milk, Yz cupful. 4 P.M. . . . Milk punch, or Kumiss, a glassful. 6 P.M. . . . Chicken broth, ^ cupful. 8 P.M. . . . Cocoa, % cupful. 298 THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COOKERY Light Diet for One Day breakfast Poached egg on toast. Coffee. LUNCH Soft custard. DINNER Broiled mutton chop. Dry toast. LUNCH Irish-moss jelly. SUPPER Milk toast. Cocoa. Convalescent Diet for One Day breakfast Mush with cream and sugar. Minced chicken on toast. AVhole-wheat muffins. Coffee. DINNER Soup with rice. Broiled beefsteak. Baked potatoes. Peas. Bread and butter. Snow pudding. Tea or coffee. SUPPER Coddled eggs. Toast. Lemon jelly. Sponge cake. Cocoa. 478. Sick people fed like children. — You see that in- valids have the same sort of food that children do, given, as it is to children, frequently and in small quantities. SPECIAL DIETS 299 An alimentary canal weakened by illness may be com- pared to an immature one ; so there is sense in reducing the diet of a moderately sick patient to that of a little child, and the diet of a very sick person to that of a baby. Never give a patient anything the doctor has forbidden him to eat, no matter how much he wants it. 479. General rules ; special cases. — Everything you know about food and cooking can be made of service to the patient. Keep in mind the properties of differ- ent foods. What proportion of carbohydrate food to proteid does a well person need? (§ 251.) Which does a convalescent require more of, force-producing or tissue-building food ? Would you give an invalid pork and beans ? Pastry ? Fried food ? If not, why not ? In general, give no foods about the wholesomeness of which there is any doubt. A safe rule to follow is that what is not particularly good for healthy people will be dangerous to sick ones. How long should gruels be cooked ? (pp. 77 and 79.) In what form is albumin most easily digestible ? (p. 87.) What is the function of gelatin? (§ 244.) What foods would you think good for a person wasted by fever? Consumptives need an abundance of proteids and fat.