What part is used for soup meat ? The shin ; it is divi-
ded into three pieces; the most meat is on the upper part,
Efficiency in Home A Taking 75
but the lower bone is very rich in gelatin, and should
not be thrown away.
Which is the highest priced steak? The tenderloin.
because it is the tendcrest, but it has not so much nourish-
ment as the round.
What is a filet of beef? It is the entire tenderloin,
and is very expensive.
Are both sides of a round steak equally tender? No;
the outside or bottom round as it is called (the side next
the skin) is the toughest and cheapest. Those muscles
are exercised more than those on the inside of the leg".
Which of the organs of an animal are used for food?
The liver, sweetbreads, kidneys, heart, and in beef, the
lining of the stomach.
What special precaution is necessary in selecting the
kidneys and liver? These two organs, as their use is to
remove the impurities of the blood, are very liable to
be diseased, so if they are spotted or streaked, they
should never be used. Calves' liver is more expensive
than beef, but it is perhaps less liable to be diseased, and
is much more tender.
POULTRY.
What kind of poultry is most expensive to buy? Very
young poultry, not only because the price is more per
pound, but the proportion of waste in head, feet and bones
to the amount of meat is greater than in older chickens.
Which contains the greater amount of meat compared
to the waste, a three pound fowl or a five pound? The
live pound, because the head, feet and bones will weigh
about the same in the two fowls.
What are some of the marks to distinguish a young-
fowl ? There are usually pin-feathers, less fat, and the
feet are smoother. The tip of the breast bone is not so
hard.
If a fowl has long hairs is it an indication of age? Yes.
Are dry picked fowls better than those scalded first ?
Yes; very much.
76 Efficiency in Home Making
FISH.
What arc indications of freshness in fish? Full life-
like eves, linn llesh, red gills, stiff (ail, not flabby.
Is a plump, short lish better than a long, slim one of
the same kind ? Yes.
Arc lish that are just caught preferable to those that
have been out of the water for some time? Very much.
Is there as much nourishment in lish as in meat? No;
hut it may well he substituted for it frequently.
Is under-cooked fish wholesome and palatable? No;
it should he thoroughly cooked, but not overdone.
Why are mackerel, salmon, blue lish and shad nunc
difficull to digest than other kinds of lish? Because the
oil is distributed through the llesh instead of in the liver.
Is halibut really as much more expensive than small
lish as the price per pound would indicate? No; for
being a very large lish, one docs not get the head or tail,
and there is very little waste.
What special precaution is necessary in buying oysters,
clams and lobsters? To make sure they are perfectly
fresh, and that the oysters have not been fattened in a
stream where the water is polluted.
Is there danger from eating raw oysters? Many cases
of typhoid fever have resulted from it, when they were
taken from water polluted with sewage.
VEGETABLES.
In buying vegetables, are those dcsirahle that are
wilted and stale? No; there is no economy in buying
food that has to he thrown away because unlit for use.
Page 40
Presented as published in 1915. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
What part is used for soup meat ? The shin ; it is divided into three pieces; the most meat is on the upper part,
Efficiency in Home A Taking 75
but the lower bone is very rich in gelatin, and should not be thrown away.
Which is the highest priced steak? The tenderloin. because it is the tendcrest, but it has not so much nourishment as the round.
What is a filet of beef? It is the entire tenderloin, and is very expensive.
Are both sides of a round steak equally tender? No; the outside or bottom round as it is called (the side next the skin) is the toughest and cheapest. Those muscles are exercised more than those on the inside of the leg".
Which of the organs of an animal are used for food? The liver, sweetbreads, kidneys, heart, and in beef, the lining of the stomach.
What special precaution is necessary in selecting the kidneys and liver? These two organs, as their use is to remove the impurities of the blood, are very liable to be diseased, so if they are spotted or streaked, they should never be used. Calves' liver is more expensive than beef, but it is perhaps less liable to be diseased, and is much more tender.
POULTRY.
What kind of poultry is most expensive to buy? Very young poultry, not only because the price is more per pound, but the proportion of waste in head, feet and bones to the amount of meat is greater than in older chickens.
Which contains the greater amount of meat compared to the waste, a three pound fowl or a five pound? The live pound, because the head, feet and bones will weigh about the same in the two fowls.
What are some of the marks to distinguish a youngfowl ? There are usually pin-feathers, less fat, and the feet are smoother. The tip of the breast bone is not so hard.
If a fowl has long hairs is it an indication of age? Yes.
Are dry picked fowls better than those scalded first ? Yes; very much.
76 Efficiency in Home Making
FISH.
What are indications of freshness in fish? Full lifelike eyes, firm flesh, red gills, stiff tail, not flabby.
Is a plump, short lish better than a long, slim one of the same kind ? Yes.
Are fish that are just caught preferable to those that have been out of the water for some time? Very much.
Is there as much nourishment in fish as in meat? No; but it may well be substituted for it frequently.
Is under-cooked fish wholesome and palatable? No;
it should he thoroughly cooked, but not overdone.
Why are mackerel, salmon, blue fish and shad more difficult to digest than other kinds of fish? Because the oil is distributed through the flesh instead of in the liver. Is halibut really as much more expensive than small lish as the price per pound would indicate? No; for being a very large lish, one docs not get the head or tail, and there is very little waste.
What special precaution is necessary in buying oysters, clams and lobsters? To make sure they are perfectly fresh, and that the oysters have not been fattened in a stream where the water is polluted.
Is there danger from eating raw oysters? Many cases of typhoid fever have resulted from it, when they were
taken from water polluted with sewage.
VEGETABLES.
In buying vegetables, are those dcsirahle that are wilted and stale? No; there is no economy in buying food that has to he thrown away because unlit for use.