How may fresh coffee, tea and fruit stains be removed ? By stretching the stain over a dish and pouring boiling water through it. Should these stains be allowed to dry in, in table linen? No ; wash them out at once. How can vaseline stains be removed? Always soak in kerosene before using water or soap. What can be used to remove paint? Turpentine. What for varnish or pitch? Turpentine, alcohol is also good to remove it. How may ink stains sometimes be removed? Wash in a little skimmed milk before they dry. If they can be left in until the milk sours if the stain is an old one, it will sometimes help. What else can be used? Moisten the stain with lemon juice, and cover with salt and put in the sun. Wash out thoroughly. How can blood stains be removed ? Soak in cold water, wash thoroughly, then use hot water and soap. 64 Efficiency in Home Making SOAP MAKING. How can soap for kitchen use be made easily? Care- fully and slowly add a can of potash to three pints of cold water; it will boil and spatter when it touches the cold water, so care is necessary. When cool, pour it slowly over five pounds of clean fat that has been saved in the kitchen, melted, and strained through cheese cloth✪ Soap Making to remove all specks of brown. Stir with a stick until they are thoroughly mixed and about as thick as honey. Do not stir too long as they may separate. How can it be molded? Line a wooden box with sev- eral thicknesses of wrapping paper, oiling the last one. It will harden in a moderately warm place ; then cut into cakes. It is good for scrubbing and coarse work. WASHING FLUID. i lb. of good potash Yz oz. salts of tartar y2 oz. salts of ammonia I gallon of water✪ Washing Fluid Add the potash very carefully to the water, as it will bubble up and run over unless put in slowly, then add the other ingredients, mix thoroughly and when cool put in bottles tightly corked. In using soak the clothes in cold water, wring out and put over to boil in cold water to which has been added Yz cup of the fluid to 3 pails of cold water. Mix this thoroughly before putting in the clothes, never add any fluid after the clothes have been put in the water. After boiling suds and rinse thoroughly, then blue, and hang out. If these directions are followed carefully the clothes will wash very easily, will wear better than when rubbed in the old way, and will keep beautifully white. Efficiency in Home Making 65 HOW MUCH SHOULD BE SPENT ON THE TABLE. Those who have made a careful study of actual cases tell us that the proportion of the income spent for food, decreases as the income increases. Why is this? Persons must have a certain amount of food to sustain life and strength. If a family has but $300 to live on it is evident that a much larger portion, or percentage of it will have to go for food (to the exclu- sion of all the comforts of life) than in a family that has an income of $3,000. About 60% or 6/10 in the first case, and about 25% or Y^ in the second. How small an expenditure for raw food could one live, or exist on ? It is estimated eight to ten cents a day would keep one alive. This means only the very cheapest food. How much would allow a limited amount of fresh vegetables and fruits in season, coffee, tea, some milk and quite a variety of food? From twenty-five to thirty cents per person.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

How may fresh coffee, tea and fruit stains be removed ? By stretching the stain over a dish and pouring boiling water through it. Should these stains be allowed to dry in, in table linen? No ; wash them out at once. How can vaseline stains be removed? Always soak in kerosene before using water or soap. What can be used to remove paint? Turpentine. What for varnish or pitch? Turpentine, alcohol is also good to remove it. How may ink stains sometimes be removed? Wash in a little skimmed milk before they dry. If they can be left in until the milk sours if the stain is an old one, it will sometimes help. What else can be used? Moisten the stain with lemon juice, and cover with salt and put in the sun. Wash out thoroughly. How can blood stains be removed ? Soak in cold water, wash thoroughly, then use hot water and soap. 64 Efficiency in Home Making SOAP MAKING. How can soap for kitchen use be made easily? Carefully and slowly add a can of potash to three pints of cold water; it will boil and spatter when it touches the cold water, so care is necessary. When cool, pour it slowly over five pounds of clean fat that has been saved in the kitchen, melted, and strained through cheese cloth to remove all specks of brown. Stir with a stick until they are thoroughly mixed and about as thick as honey. Do not stir too long as they may separate. How can it be molded? Line a wooden box with several thicknesses of wrapping paper, oiling the last one. It will harden in a moderately warm place ; then cut into cakes. It is good for scrubbing and coarse work. WASHING FLUID. i lb. of good potash Yz oz. salts of tartar y2 oz. salts of ammonia I gallon of water Add the potash very carefully to the water, as it will bubble up and run over unless put in slowly, then add the other ingredients, mix thoroughly and when cool put in bottles tightly corked. In using soak the clothes in cold water, wring out and put over to boil in cold water to which has been added Yz cup of the fluid to 3 pails of cold water. Mix this thoroughly before putting in the clothes, never add any fluid after the clothes have been put in the water. After boiling suds and rinse thoroughly, then blue, and hang out. If these directions are followed carefully the clothes will wash very easily, will wear better than when rubbed in the old way, and will keep beautifully white. Efficiency in Home Making 65 HOW MUCH SHOULD BE SPENT ON THE TABLE. Those who have made a careful study of actual cases tell us that the proportion of the income spent for food, decreases as the income increases. Why is this? Persons must have a certain amount of food to sustain life and strength. If a family has but $300 to live on it is evident that a much larger portion, or percentage of it will have to go for food (to the exclusion of all the comforts of life) than in a family that has an income of $3,000. About 60% or 6/10 in the first case, and about 25% or Y^ in the second. How small an expenditure for raw food could one live, or exist on ? It is estimated eight to ten cents a day would keep one alive. This means only the very cheapest food. How much would allow a limited amount of fresh vegetables and fruits in season, coffee, tea, some milk and quite a variety of food? From twenty-five to thirty cents per person.

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Efficiency in home-making and first-aid to good cooking