Ink. — Use a solution of oxalic acid for ink, the same as
for iron rust. The crystals dissolve more quickly in boiling
water, and the stain disappears more quickly. Rinse thor-
oughly in clear water after application of acid, or the
texture of the material will be injured.
Sweet or sour milk will often remove ink stains. Let
spot soak in milk several hours, apply more milk, until spot
disappears. Rinse the material.
Blood is best removed by soaking the stain in tepid or
lukewarm water; later rub with soap, and wash out.
Cocoa stains. — First wash in cold water and then pour
boiling water through them.
Coffee stains are removed by placing at once over a
basin and pouring on boiling water while the stains are
fresh. The force of the water aids in loosening the stain.
Fruit stains require the same treatment as coffee stains.
Alcohol softens and dissolves fruit stains, and does not
injure the material.
Grass stains are dissolved by alcohol or camphor and
may then be washed out with clear water.
Mildew is a plant mold that grows on the fiber of mate-
rials. It develops on clothes when they are damp for some
time in warm weather. If mildew stains are old, they will
not come out.
Strong lemon juice and salt put on the spot and exposed
to the sun for several days will remove light spots of mildew.
A bleaching agent, as chloride of lime, may be used, but is
very hard on the fiber of the material. Or, wet the spots
INSTRUCTIONS TO HOUSEKEEPERS
with strong soap-
suds and powdered
chalk and put in the
sun for many hours.
Plumbing. Traps
— All fixtures, like
sinks, wash basins,
closets, tubs, etc.,
are connected with
a system of pipes
with the house drain,
which carries off all
waste matter to the
sewer in the street.
Figure 1 shows an
approved system of
house plumbing. No-
tice the size of pipes
used and their rela-
tion to one another
and to the fixtures.
A trap is a bend
in a pipe sufficient
to retain enough
water to prevent the
passage of poisonous
gases back through
the pipe into the
room. Each fixture
must have a trap lo-
cated in the waste
pipe close to the fix-
ture, and the house
i/c'nriitrtrior*
To ~Sevvx=/-
Fig. 1. A plumbing system for a house, show-
ing arrangement of fixtures, traps, and pipes.
(Mo. Eng. Exp. Sta. Bui.)
10
DOMESTIC SCIENCE
sewer pipe must be provided with a trap near the street
sewer.
Of the many kinds of traps the most commonly used
are the S trap and the bottle or pot trap. The S trap (See
illustrations) is perhaps the
most satisfactory for most
purposes, for it does not
contain much water, flushes
readily, and does not easily
get out of order.
Some causes of failures
— of traps to be effective are:
1. It may not have a deep
enough bend to retain suf-
Fig. 2. A trap. The enclosed water firicnt water tO form SL COm-
prevents poisonous sewer gas from entering ^^'-^^^^^ vvciLCi tu luiin a i^uiii
the room. plctC SCal.
2. It may be clogged by foreign matter, like lint,
hair, grease, etc. This will break the seal.
3. The water may be evaporated from the trap. This
occurs when the fixture is not used for some time. To
prevent it, pour sufficient oil in the pipe to cover the top of
the water. When houses are to be closed for a time, this
precaution is necessary.
Page 9
Presented as published in 1914. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
Ink. — Use a solution of oxalic acid for ink, the same as for iron rust. The crystals dissolve more quickly in boiling water, and the stain disappears more quickly. Rinse thoroughly in clear water after application of acid, or the texture of the material will be injured.
Sweet or sour milk will often remove ink stains. Let spot soak in milk several hours, apply more milk, until spot disappears. Rinse the material.
Blood is best removed by soaking the stain in tepid or lukewarm water; later rub with soap, and wash out.
Cocoa stains. — First wash in cold water and then pour boiling water through them.
Coffee stains are removed by placing at once over a basin and pouring on boiling water while the stains are fresh. The force of the water aids in loosening the stain.
Fruit stains require the same treatment as coffee stains. Alcohol softens and dissolves fruit stains, and does not injure the material.
Grass stains are dissolved by alcohol or camphor and may then be washed out with clear water.
Mildew is a plant mold that grows on the fiber of materials. It develops on clothes when they are damp for some time in warm weather. If mildew stains are old, they will not come out.
Strong lemon juice and salt put on the spot and exposed to the sun for several days will remove light spots of mildew. A bleaching agent, as chloride of lime, may be used, but is very hard on the fiber of the material. Or, wet the spots
with strong soapsuds and powdered chalk and put in the sun for many hours.
Plumbing. Traps — All fixtures, like sinks, wash basins, closets, tubs, etc., are connected with a system of pipes with the house drain, which carries off all waste matter to the sewer in the street. Figure 1 shows an approved system of house plumbing. Notice the size of pipes used and their relation to one another and to the fixtures.
A trap is a bend in a pipe sufficient to retain enough water to prevent the passage of poisonous gases back through the pipe into the room. Each fixture must have a trap located in the waste pipe close to the fixture, and the house
[illustration: Connection to Sewer]
To ~Sevvx=/-
Fig. 1. A plumbing system for a house, showing arrangement of fixtures, traps, and pipes. (Mo. Eng. Exp. Sta. Bui.)
sewer pipe must be provided with a trap near the street sewer.
Of the many kinds of traps the most commonly used are the S trap and the bottle or pot trap. The S trap (See
illustrations) is perhaps the most satisfactory for most purposes, for it does not contain much water, flushes readily, and does not easily get out of order.
Some causes of failures
— of traps to be effective are:
1. It may not have a deep
enough bend to retain suf-
Fig. 2. A trap. The enclosed water firicnt water tO form SL COmprevents poisonous sewer gas from entering ^^'-^^^^^ vvciLCi tu luiin a i^uiii the room. plctC SCal.
2. It may be clogged by foreign matter, like lint, hair, grease, etc. This will break the seal.
3. The water may be evaporated from the trap. This occurs when the fixture is not used for some time. To prevent it, pour sufficient oil in the pipe to cover the top of the water. When houses are to be closed for a time, this precaution is necessary.