Domestic science, principles and application

2. Sour Milk Griddle Cakes 2 c. flour 1 egg 1 tsp. soda 3^ tsp. salt 2 c. sour milk Method. — Mix and sift the dry ingredients; add the sour milk and egg well beaten. Bake by spoonfuls on a hot, greased griddle. (Beat the batter well before pouring a fresh batch of cakes on the griddle.) When puffed full of bubbles and cooked on the edges, turn and cook on the other side. Grease pan, and repeat. If large bubbles form at once on the top of the cakes, the griddle is too hot. If the top of the cake stiffens before the under side is cooked, the griddle is not hot enough. {Basis for 2 girls, % ride.) 3. Griddle Cakes (baking powder, sweet milk) 3 c. flour M c. sugar IJ^ tbsp. baking powder 2 c. milk 1 tsp. salt 1 egg 2 tbsp. melted butter Method. — Mix and sift the dry ingredients; beat egg, add milk, and then add the wet mixture to the dry. Beat thoroughly and add the butter. Cook the same as Sour Milk Griddle Cakes. Begin cooking cakes at once or more baking powder will be required. {Basis for 2 girls, \i rule.) 4. Bread Griddle Cakes 13^^ c. fine stale bread crumbs 2 tbsp. butter 13^ c. scalded milk 4 tsp. baking powder 3 eggs ^2 c. flour }/^ tsp. salt Method. — Add the milk and butter to the crumbs, and soak until crumbs are soft; add eggs well beaten, then the flour, salt, and baking powder mixed and sifted Cook the same as other griddle cakes. 5. Waffles 1 c. milk M c. melted butter 2 eggs 2 scant tsp. baking powder Pinch of salt Flour to make soft batter (about 23^ c.) Method. — Beat flour and milk, add butter, and beat. Add the well-beaten yolks and beat again; then add baking powder and a little salt and beat very hard for a few minutes. Fold in the well-beaten whites lightly. Have iron very hot; bake, and serve at once. QUICK BREADS— BAKING POWDER Composition. — Baking powder is made up of substances that react and form carbon dioxide gas in the presence of heat and moisture. It contains one part of baking soda (saleratus) and two parts of an acid (cream of tartar, phosphate, or alum) with a Httle starch to keep it dry. Cream of tartar is an acid substance obtained from the argols or crystals formed on the inside of wine casks. Soda is an alkaline product made from common salt and contains a carbonate. Experiments to show the action of soda and an acid : — 1. Mix 34 tsp. of soda and Y2 tsp. of cream of tartar. What happens? 2. Add 34 cup of cold water to the mixture. What happens? 3. Add 34 cup of boiling water to a similar mixture of soda and cream of tartar. Compare the results with Experiments 1 and 2. Action of Baking Powder. — Carbon dioxide gas is produced rapidly by the action of baking powder in the presence of a liquid and heat. As the bubbles of gas are formed and expand they lift up the mixture and make it light. Baking must be accomplished while the bubbles are forming if best results are to be obtained. If too hot an oven is used, a crust is formed before all the gas is liberated and as a result the bread is heavy. Quick breads baked in too hot an oven often crack open on the top. If too cool an oven is used the gas forms and passes off before enough heat is present to produce a crust. — S (113)