3. Prepare two pans of good hot water. Use one for
rinsing and one for washing dishes.
4. Wipe out all greasy pans with paper and put paper
in the garbage can or stove.
5. Remove the hot-plate board from the table and
place on the stove, providing a clean, dry place clear for
clean dishes.
6. Serviceable towels for drying dishes are made by
hemming flour sacks. Glass toweling or linen crash
absorbs moisture readily. A good dishcloth should not be
too large and should be sweet and clean. Have one for
china and one for kitchen dishes.
Instructions for Washing. — 1. Put glasses into hot
water sidewise to prevent uneven expansion of glass, which
breaks them.
2. Glass and silver ware are brighter if wiped directly
from clean, hot suds. Do not rinse.
3. Wash cut glass in warm water and dry carefully. A
sudden change of temperature breaks cut glass. .
4. Rinse all dishes, except glasses, in clean, hot water,
and wipe quickly with a clean, dry towel.
5. Do not put bone or wooden knife or fork handles in
water. Wipe with a wet cloth and then dry them.
6. Scour kitchen knives and forks with bath brick or
sapolio and then wash and rinse well.
7. Scrape rolling pin and molding board and wipe off
with a wet cloth. Do not use much water on either.
26 DOMESTIC SCIENCE
8. Do not wet the cogs of egg beaters.
9. Wash the teapot and the coffeepot clean with hot
water, wipe dry, clean spout carefully, and leave with covers
open.
10. Get clean water several times during the washing
process.
11. Wash the dish pan thoroughly, rinse, and wipe dry.
12. Rinse out the dishcloth and towels and hang in the
air and sun to dry.
APPLICATION
1. Practice measuring, both liquids and dry materials.
2. Learn to know sections on measuring cup.
3. Wash dishes.
4. Do general housekeeping work,— sweeping, caring
for sink, stoves, pantry, etc.
LESSON 2
HEAT, COMBUSTION, FUEL
Carbon. — All vegetable and animal matter contains
carbon. This can be easily shown by simple experiments : —
1. Heat a little sugar in a test tube over a gas flame.
What does the heat do? What is left?
2. Heat a little starch in a test tube over a gas flame.
3. Heat a tiny piece of meat in a test tube over a gas
flame.
4. Hold a cold plate for a moment over the red part
of the gas flame, over a lighted lamp, or in the red flame of
a coal or wood fire.
In like manner, any organic substance may be heated
to a black char, which is mostly carbon. How is charcoal
made?
Animals get the carbon of their bodies from plants,
which in turn get it from the air. Animals breathe in the
pure air and give ofi^ impure air containing carbon dioxide
gas. The plants take up this gas through their leaves and
stems, and by the aid of water and the energy from the
sun the carbon is manufactured into sugar, starch, and cellu-
lose in the plant fiber. When carbon burns, it again liber-
ates the sun's energy.
Heat is natural or artificial. Sunlight gives natural
heat; fire, artificial heat. The sun is the source of all
energy.
Experiments Illustrating Burning. —
1. Light a short candle, place it on the table, and
watch it burn.
28 DOMESTIC SCIENCE
2. Turn a tumbler over it and see what happens.
3. Turn a chimney over the Ugh ted candle, raising the
chimney a little from the table. Then cover the top of the
chimney and see if there is any change.
Page 16
Presented as published in 1914. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
3. Prepare two pans of good hot water. Use one for rinsing and one for washing dishes.
4. Wipe out all greasy pans with paper and put paper in the garbage can or stove.
5. Remove the hot-plate board from the table and place on the stove, providing a clean, dry place clear for clean dishes.
6. Serviceable towels for drying dishes are made by hemming flour sacks. Glass toweling or linen crash absorbs moisture readily. A good dishcloth should not be too large and should be sweet and clean. Have one for china and one for kitchen dishes.
Instructions for Washing. — 1. Put glasses into hot water sidewise to prevent uneven expansion of glass, which breaks them.
2. Glass and silver ware are brighter if wiped directly from clean, hot suds. Do not rinse.
3. Wash cut glass in warm water and dry carefully. A sudden change of temperature breaks cut glass. .
4. Rinse all dishes, except glasses, in clean, hot water, and wipe quickly with a clean, dry towel.
5. Do not put bone or wooden knife or fork handles in water. Wipe with a wet cloth and then dry them.
6. Scour kitchen knives and forks with bath brick or sapolio and then wash and rinse well.
7. Scrape rolling pin and molding board and wipe off with a wet cloth. Do not use much water on either.
8. Do not wet the cogs of egg beaters.
9. Wash the teapot and the coffeepot clean with hot water, wipe dry, clean spout carefully, and leave with covers open.
10. Get clean water several times during the washing process.
11. Wash the dish pan thoroughly, rinse, and wipe dry.
12. Rinse out the dishcloth and towels and hang in the air and sun to dry.
1. Practice measuring, both liquids and dry materials.
2. Learn to know sections on measuring cup.
3. Wash dishes.
4. Do general housekeeping work,— sweeping, caring for sink, stoves, pantry, etc.
HEAT, COMBUSTION, FUEL
Carbon. — All vegetable and animal matter contains carbon. This can be easily shown by simple experiments : —
1. Heat a little sugar in a test tube over a gas flame. What does the heat do? What is left?
2. Heat a little starch in a test tube over a gas flame.
3. Heat a tiny piece of meat in a test tube over a gas flame.
4. Hold a cold plate for a moment over the red part of the gas flame, over a lighted lamp, or in the red flame of a coal or wood fire.
In like manner, any organic substance may be heated to a black char, which is mostly carbon. How is charcoal made?
Animals get the carbon of their bodies from plants, which in turn get it from the air. Animals breathe in the pure air and give ofi^ impure air containing carbon dioxide gas. The plants take up this gas through their leaves and stems, and by the aid of water and the energy from the sun the carbon is manufactured into sugar, starch, and cellulose in the plant fiber. When carbon burns, it again liberates the sun's energy.
Heat is natural or artificial. Sunlight gives natural heat; fire, artificial heat. The sun is the source of all energy.
Experiments Illustrating Burning. —
1. Light a short candle, place it on the table, and watch it burn.
2. Turn a tumbler over it and see what happens.
3. Turn a chimney over the Ugh ted candle, raising the chimney a little from the table. Then cover the top of the chimney and see if there is any change.