FoodNet

Domestic science (Johnson, for schools and homes)

1911

Page 22

Presented as published in 1911. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
General Directions For Canning: Care should be taken that the fruit selected is fresh, firm, of good quality, and not over-ripe. If over ripe, some of the spores may not be destroyed by boiling; then fermentation will begin in a short time. Allow one-third of the weight of the fruit in sugar, and from two and one-half to three cups of water to each pound of sugar. Boil the sugar and water together for tv/o minutes, to make a thin syrup; then cook a small quan- tity of the fruit at a time in the syrup; this keeps the fruit in perfect shape. Hard fruits may be cooked in clear boiling water until nearly soft, then placed in the syrup to finish cooking. Sterilized jars are first filled with the fruit, and then enough of the syrup poured over to overflow the jars. Insert a spoon between fruit and jar, to allow the bubbles of air to rise to the top; then put on the rubbers and screw on sterilized covers. As the fruit cools, screw covers again, as tightly as possible. When cold, tighten again. While filling the jars, place them on a cloth wrung out of hot water» to keep from breaking. To Sterilize Jars: Wash the jars and fill them with cold water. Place in a kettle on a trivet, and surround with cold water. Heat gradually to boiling point, then re- move from the water, empty, and fill with fruit while hot. Allow the covers to stand in hot water five minutes, before placing them on the jars. Dip the bands in hot water quickly. Use no old rubbers. If the rims of the covers are bent, air will enter the cans. Canned Peaches: Wipe the peaches and place in boiling water, allowing them to stand just long enough to loosen the skins. Remove the skins, and cook the fruit at once, that it may not discolor; following the general directions for canning. Lesson 36. Table Setting, General: A table should be made 54 DOMESTIC SCIENCE to look as neat and attractive as possible. Dust the table, and lay on, evenly, a cloth of felt, flannel, or cotton flannel. Spread the table cloth evenly over this. Lay the table cloth with hemmed edges underneath, and the lines of the cloth parallel with the edges of the table. Place the knife at the right hand, with the sharp edge turned to the left, and the fork at the left hand, with the prongs turned upward. Spoons are placed to the right of the knife, and the napkin to the left of the fork. All about two inches from the edge of the table. Place the tumbler near the end of the knife blade, and the butter plate beside it When bread and butter plates are used, place one at the left of the fork. Place everything straight on the table. Invert no dishes. General Directions For Serving. When a waiter serves the food, it should be passed on the left side of each person. In placing a dish in front of a person, the waiter should stand at the right The dishes should be removed from the right side. In setting the table, try not to forget anything. Care in setting the table contributes much to the comfort of the household. I 9 Fifir. 14. Table Setting. Diagram No. 1. 1. 2. 3. Knife. Fork. Spoon. 4. 5. 6. Napkin. Tumbler. Butter Plate. COOKING 55 oo Fig. 15. Table Setting. Diagram No. 2. 1. Knife. 7. Hot-water Pitcher. 2. Fork. 8. Cream Pitcher. 3. Napkin. 9. Sugar-bowl. 4. Tumbler. 10. Spoon-holder. 5. Butter Plate. 11. Cups and Saucers. 6.