Fig. 2. — Coal range showing course of indirect draft.
COAL AND GAS RANGES 11
Close the oven damper. Trace the direction of the hot
gases when the damper is closed. What parts of the range
are heated when the oven damper is closed ?
A closed oven damper permits an indirect draft to pass
through the range. (See Fig. 2.)
How should the front, oven, check, and chimney dampers
be arranged when the fire is kindled ?
Fire Building in a Coal Range. — It is necessary to have the
fire box, ash pan, and other parts of the stove clean before
building a fire. After cleaning, place a generous layer of
loosely crumpled paper over the bottom of the fire box, then
about four layers of kindling wood, placed so that there are
air passages between the pieces, and on top of the wood put
two shovelfuls of coal. Regulate the dampers for a direct
draft, replace the stove lids, and brush the surface of the stove.
Before lighting the fuels, polish the range in the follow-
ing manner :
To the nickel of the stove apply whiting and ammonia or
any satisfactory metal cleanser.
To the iron of the stove apply oil rather than " blacking."
Use light paraffin oil for this purpose. Apply the oil with
cotton waste, or a soft cloth. Rub off the excess of oil with
fresh waste, cloth, or paper. Polish with flannelette or a
woolen cloth. One should remember, however, that oil must
be used with caution. It should never be applied to a stove
containing burning fuels. If the stove cloth, saturated with
oil, is not destroyed after using, it is well to keep it in a
covered tin can or stone jar.
After polishing the stove, light the fuels. When the
wood is reduced to glowing embers and the coal is burning,
add more coal. If this burns well, change the dampers to
make an indirect draft.
Examination of a Gas Burner. — Inspect a gas burner and
find the following parts :
12 THE COOKING OF FOODS
(a) Supply pipe. (c) Burner.
(6) Stopcock. (<f) Mixer. (See Fig. 3.)
To light a gas burner, observe the following directions,
and in the order named :
(a) Strike the match.
(6) Turn the stopcock,
(c) Apply the match
to the open burner.
(<£) If necessary, reg-
ulate the stopcock and
mixer, so that the flame
is blue in color.
Experiment 4 : The Beg
OoWriCMMlA ***** "* *"*»• 0f «
Fig. 3. -Gas burner showing mixer. G " «"*—«** • 8»
burner and then completely
close the mixer of the burner. If the mixer is stationary, it may be
closed by wrapping a piece of paper about it. What is the color of
the flame ? Now open the mixer. What is the color of the flame ?
What substance has been "mixed" with the gas by opening the
burner ? What is the purpose of the mixer ?
Examination of a Gas Range. — Inspect a gas range and
find the following parts :
(a) Top burners — regular (see Fig. 4), giant (see Fig. 6),
and simmering.
(b) Stopcocks of top burners.
(c) Oven burners.
(d) Stopcocks of oven burners.
(e) Pilot (if there is one).
(/) Baking oven.
(?) Broiling oven.
(A) Warming oven and its
burner (if there is one).
(0 Supply pipe.
(J) Stovepipe. Fig.4.— Gas burner (regular).
COAL AND GAS RANGES 13
The method of lighting oven burners varies in different
ranges, and for this reason it is impossible to give directions
for lighting which will apply
to all oven burners. There is,
however, one important direction
that should always be borne in I
mind. Always open the oven door
before lighting the oven burners.
If such caution is not observed,
the gas may escape into the |
oven and cause an explosion. C ourunotiMha*aumCo.
In case there is a pilot lighter, Fig. 5.— Gas burner (giant),
open the oven door and see
that the oven burners are turned off before lighting the
pilot.
Page 8
Presented as published in 1915. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
Fig. 2. — Coal range showing course of indirect draft.
COAL AND GAS RANGES 11
Close the oven damper. Trace the direction of the hot gases when the damper is closed. What parts of the range are heated when the oven damper is closed ?
A closed oven damper permits an indirect draft to pass through the range. (See Fig. 2.)
How should the front, oven, check, and chimney dampers be arranged when the fire is kindled ?
Fire Building in a Coal Range. — It is necessary to have the fire box, ash pan, and other parts of the stove clean before building a fire. After cleaning, place a generous layer of loosely crumpled paper over the bottom of the fire box, then about four layers of kindling wood, placed so that there are air passages between the pieces, and on top of the wood put two shovelfuls of coal. Regulate the dampers for a direct draft, replace the stove lids, and brush the surface of the stove.
Before lighting the fuels, polish the range in the following manner :
To the nickel of the stove apply whiting and ammonia or any satisfactory metal cleanser.
To the iron of the stove apply oil rather than " blacking." Use light paraffin oil for this purpose. Apply the oil with cotton waste, or a soft cloth. Rub off the excess of oil with fresh waste, cloth, or paper. Polish with flannelette or a woolen cloth. One should remember, however, that oil must be used with caution. It should never be applied to a stove containing burning fuels. If the stove cloth, saturated with oil, is not destroyed after using, it is well to keep it in a covered tin can or stone jar.
After polishing the stove, light the fuels. When the wood is reduced to glowing embers and the coal is burning, add more coal. If this burns well, change the dampers to make an indirect draft.
Examination of a Gas Burner. — Inspect a gas burner and find the following parts :
(a) Supply pipe. (c) Burner.
(6) Stopcock. (<f) Mixer. (See Fig. 3.)
To light a gas burner, observe the following directions, and in the order named : (a) Strike the match. (6) Turn the stopcock, (c) Apply the match to the open burner.
(<£) If necessary, regulate the stopcock and mixer, so that the flame is blue in color.
Experiment 4 : The Beg
OoWriCMMlA ***** "* *"*»• 0f «
Fig. 3. -Gas burner showing mixer. G " «"*—«** • 8» burner and then completely close the mixer of the burner. If the mixer is stationary, it may be closed by wrapping a piece of paper about it. What is the color of the flame ? Now open the mixer. What is the color of the flame ? What substance has been "mixed" with the gas by opening the burner ? What is the purpose of the mixer ?
Examination of a Gas Range. — Inspect a gas range and find the following parts :
(a) Top burners — regular (see Fig. 4), giant (see Fig. 6), and simmering.
(b) Stopcocks of top burners.
(c) Oven burners.
(d) Stopcocks of oven burners.
(e) Pilot (if there is one). (/) Baking oven. (?) Broiling oven. (A) Warming oven and its
burner (if there is one). (0 Supply pipe. (J) Stovepipe. Fig.4.— Gas burner (regular).
COAL AND GAS RANGES 13
The method of lighting oven burners varies in different ranges, and for this reason it is impossible to give directions for lighting which will apply to all oven burners. There is, however, one important direction that should always be borne in I mind. Always open the oven door before lighting the oven burners. If such caution is not observed, the gas may escape into the | oven and cause an explosion. C ourunotiMha*aumCo. In case there is a pilot lighter, Fig. 5.— Gas burner (giant), open the oven door and see
that the oven burners are turned off before lighting the pilot.