(4) Relation of Age to Daily Energy Requirement — Chil- dren do not require as much food as adults. The food requirement of a child and of an adult is not proportional to weight, however. In proportion to his weight a child re- quires more food than an adult. The growing child needs food, not only to give energy to the body and rebuild tissue, but to build new tissue. An aged person needs less food to build new tissue. Furthermore, since an old person's strength is somewhat lessened, he needs less food to carry on the activities of the body. Hence, the aged person requires less food than the adult of middle life. The following table 1 gives the differences in energy requirement at different ages for the average man who does no muscular labor : 1 year requires 1000 Calories per day 6 years require 1400 Calories per day 10 years require 1800 Calories per day 16 years require 2800 Calories per day 20 years require 8000 Calories per day 80 years require 2750 Calories per day 40 years require 2600 Calories per day 60 years require 2200 Calories per day 80 years require 1600 Calories per day (5) Relation of Sex to Daily Energy Requirement. — Women do not require as much food as men. Sherman says that the food requirements of men and women of about the same activity are in proportion to their body weights. Women weigh about 0.8 as much as men ; hence their food requirement is 0.8 of that of men of the same activity. This table 2 is helpful in determining the energy requirement of boys and girls of normal size, development, and activity : Boys 14-17 years 2500-3000 Calories per day Girls 14-17 years 2200-2600 Calories per day 1 " Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," p. 174, Henry C. Sherman. 3 Ibid., p. 172, Henry C. Sherman. 370 THE PLANNING AND SERVING OF MEALS Children 10-13 years 1800-2200 Calories per day Children 6-9 years 1400-2000 Calories per day Children 2-6 years 1200-1600 Calories per day Children 1-2 years 900-1200 Calories per day While these definite statements are made in regard to the quantity of diet for individuals, — they must be modified in certain instances. The personal factor enters into the regu- lation of the diet. The standards, however, are valuable as guides in determining the daily ration. The appetite is the most common measure of daily food requirement. If one relies upon his appetite as an index of the quantity of food he should consume, and if his health and weight remain normal, the appetite is a safe guide for daily food requirement. One may be a little over weight or under weight, however, and yet have normal body functions. 1 There can be no doubt, however, that the whims of the appetite often lead to unwise selection of food. A study of food composition is absolutely essential in overcoming this fault. Lack of energy or loss of flesh may be due to im- proper feeding. If the needs of the body and the kind and quantity of food that will supply these needs are understood by the home-keeper, she may do much in maintaining the health, happiness, and usefulness of the members of the family. Daily Protein Requirement. — If a person's energy require- ment were 2500 Calories, sufficient energy might be supplied by using butter or beefsteak for a day's ration. Yet this would be extremely unpalatable and would not meet the needs of the body. Energy should be supplied to the body by all the energy-giving foods, — carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Now the question arises, How many of the re- 1 For tables of weight and height of men and women, see " Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," pp. 216 and 217, Henry C. Sherman. For weight and height of children, see " Laboratory Handbook for Dietetics," pp. 12 and 13, Mary Swartz Rose. FOOD REQUIREMENT 371 quired Calories shall be supplied by each of the combustible foodstuffs ?

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(4) Relation of Age to Daily Energy Requirement — Children do not require as much food as adults. The food requirement of a child and of an adult is not proportional to weight, however. In proportion to his weight a child requires more food than an adult. The growing child needs food, not only to give energy to the body and rebuild tissue, but to build new tissue. An aged person needs less food to build new tissue. Furthermore, since an old person's strength is somewhat lessened, he needs less food to carry on the activities of the body. Hence, the aged person requires less food than the adult of middle life. The following table 1 gives the differences in energy requirement at different ages for the average man who does no muscular labor : 1 year requires 1000 Calories per day 6 years require 1400 Calories per day 10 years require 1800 Calories per day 16 years require 2800 Calories per day 20 years require 3000 Calories per day 80 years require 2750 Calories per day 40 years require 2600 Calories per day 60 years require 2200 Calories per day 80 years require 1600 Calories per day (5) Relation of Sex to Daily Energy Requirement. — Women do not require as much food as men. Sherman says that the food requirements of men and women of about the same activity are in proportion to their body weights. Women weigh about 0.8 as much as men ; hence their food requirement is 0.8 of that of men of the same activity. This table 2 is helpful in determining the energy requirement of boys and girls of normal size, development, and activity : Boys 14-17 years 2500-3000 Calories per day Girls 14-17 years 2200-2600 Calories per day 1 " Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," p. 174, Henry C. Sherman. 3 Ibid., p. 172, Henry C. Sherman. Children 10-13 years 1800-2200 Calories per day Children 6-9 years 1400-2000 Calories per day Children 2-6 years 1200-1600 Calories per day Children 1-2 years 900-1200 Calories per day While these definite statements are made in regard to the quantity of diet for individuals, — they must be modified in certain instances. The personal factor enters into the regulation of the diet. The standards, however, are valuable as guides in determining the daily ration. The appetite is the most common measure of daily food requirement. If one relies upon his appetite as an index of the quantity of food he should consume, and if his health and weight remain normal, the appetite is a safe guide for daily food requirement. One may be a little over weight or under weight, however, and yet have normal body functions. 1 There can be no doubt, however, that the whims of the appetite often lead to unwise selection of food. A study of food composition is absolutely essential in overcoming this fault. Lack of energy or loss of flesh may be due to improper feeding. If the needs of the body and the kind and quantity of food that will supply these needs are understood by the home-keeper, she may do much in maintaining the health, happiness, and usefulness of the members of the family. Daily Protein Requirement. — If a person's energy requirement were 2500 Calories, sufficient energy might be supplied by using butter or beefsteak for a day's ration. Yet this would be extremely unpalatable and would not meet the needs of the body. Energy should be supplied to the body by all the energy-giving foods, — carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Now the question arises, How many of the re- 1 For tables of weight and height of men and women, see " Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," pp. 216 and 217, Henry C. Sherman. For weight and height of children, see " Laboratory Handbook for Dietetics," pp. 12 and 13, Mary Swartz Rose. FOOD REQUIREMENT 371 quired Calories shall be supplied by each of the combustible foodstuffs ?

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