A text-book of cooking

(2) Relation of Weight, Size, and Shape to Daily Energy Requirement — In general the quantity of food required increases with the size of an individual but not at the same rate as the body weight increases. Two persons may be equal in weight, yet very different in height and shape. A tall, slender person requires more food than a short, fleshy person of the same weight*. For this reason, size and shape rather than weight are found more accurate in computing the daily food requirement. However, for practical purposes, energy requirement is sometimes based upon body weight. (3) Relation of Occupation to Daily Energy Requirement — From the previous consideration of energy, it is obvious that muscular exercise, even though very slight, requires some expenditure of energy. It has been found that, even during sleep and rest, energy is required to carry on the functions of the body (such as the beating of the heart, etc.). Since the energy for both the voluntary and involuntary activities of the body is furnished by the fuel foods, it is clear that one's occupation is an important factor in determining the kind and quantity of food an individual should use. The man who is working at hard physical work needs more food than the man who sits quietly at his work. Moreover, one working actively out of doors can take foods which are difficult of digestion for the person of sedentary occupation. The following table, showing the energy required for different conditions of activity, has been formulated by scientists : l Man sleeping requires 65 Calories per hour 100 Calories per hour 170 Calories per hour 200 Calories per hour 460 Calories per hour Man sitting at rest requires Man at light muscular exercise requires . Man at active muscular exercise requires Man at severe muscular exercise requires Man at very severe muscular exercise requires 600 Calories per hour From these data, it is possible to compute the dietaries of people of different occupations. For example, the energy requirement for a bookkeeper (male) leading an inactive muscular life is : 8 hours sleep (65 calories per hour) 620 Calories hours work at desk (100 calories per nour) .... 900 Calories 4 hours sitting at rest and reading (100 calories per hour) 400 Calories 3 hours walking (170 calories per hour) 610 Calories 2330 Calories The energy requirement for a man of severe muscular activity, such as excavating, is : 8 hours sleep (65 calories per hour) , 520 Calories 8 hours excavating (450 calories per hour) .... 3600 Calories 1 hour walking (170 calories per hour) ...... 170 Calories 7 hours sitting at rest (100 calories per hour) .... 700 Calories 4000 Calories Another authority 2 gives these data pertaining to those engaged in muscular work : Shoemaker requires 2001-2400 Calories per day Weaver requires 2401-2700 Calories per day Carpenter or mason requires 2701-3200 Calories per day Farm laborer requires 3201-4100 Calories per day Excavator requires 4101-5000 Calories per day Lumberman requires 5000 or more Calories per day 1 Atwater and Benedict, United States Department of Agriculture, Yearbook 1904, p. 215. 2 " Textbook of Physiology," p. 141, Tigerstedt. FOOD REQUIREMENT 369