Wragge, Govern-
ment Meteorologist of Queensland. And it is with a
feeling of considerable indebtedness to these gentlemen that
I acknowledge their uniform kindness. And yet it is
important to remember that the annual temperature, by
itself, of any given locality may afford no indication what-
ever of its climatic peculiarities. Take for instance the
climate of the North- Eastern portion of the United States.
That region is characterized by intense heat during the
summer, and extreme cold in the winter. In New York,
THE CLIMATE OF AUSTRALIA. 7
for example, the mean summer temperature ranges as high
as 70'0°, while the mean winter temperature is as low
as 30'1° ; yet the mean temperature of the whole year is
53'2°, affording no indication of these extremes. The mean
annual temperature alone, therefore, would be entirely mis-
leading, as it would give no idea of these alternations of
heat and cold. Such being the case, the actual character
of any climate will be far better realized by placing in
juxta^wsition the mean annual temperature, the mean tem-
perature of the hot, and the mean temperature of the cooler
months. First of all, then, I purpose showing the mean
annual temperature, and also the mean temperatures for the
hot and cooler months, of the four largest Australian centres.
Table showing the Mean Annual Temperature, and also
the Mean Temperatures for the Hot and Cooler Months,
of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Brisbane.
Capital.
Mean Annual
Temperature.
Mean
Tempeiuture
for the
Hot Months.
Mean
Tempei ature
for the
Cooler Months.
Sydney ....
629
70
58-7
Melbourne
57-5
6i9
53-8
Adelaide
631
72-4
58-4
Brisbane
67-74
75-2
64-3
Much will be gained by a comparison of these tem^Xira-
tures of the Australian capitals with those of some other
cities in different parts of the world. A contrast of tliis
kind will, in my opinion, help to a truer undei-standing of
the climate of these capitals, than any other. Accordingly
I made a successful application to ]\rr. H. C. Russell, for the
correspond'ng temperatures of the following cities : London,
THE ART OF LIVING IN AUSTSALIA.
Edinburgh, Dublin ; Marseilles, Naples, Messina ; New York,
San Francisco, New Orleans ; Bombay, Calcutta, and ]\Iadras.
Table showing the Mean Annual Temperature, as well as
the Mean Summer and Winter Temperatures, in twelve
different cities.
City.
Mean Annual
Temperature.
Mean Summer
Tempemture.
Mean Winter
Temperature.
United Kingdom —
London
Edinburgh .
Dublin
50-8
47-5
50
62 9
68
611
39-5
38
40-7
Southern Europe —
Marseilles (Francr)
Naples (Italy)
Messina (Sicily) .
58-3
62
65 8
72-9
74-4
77-2
45-2
47-6
55
United States of America —
New York .
San Francisco
New Orleans
53-2
56-2
69-8
70-9
60
82
301
61-6
65-8
India —
Bombay
Calcutta
Madras
78-8
78-4
82
82-6
83-3
86-4
73-8
67-8
76-6
Page 17
Presented as published in 1893. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
Wragge, Government Meteorologist of Queensland. And it is with a feeling of considerable indebtedness to these gentlemen that I acknowledge their uniform kindness. And yet it is important to remember that the annual temperature, by itself, of any given locality may afford no indication whatever of its climatic peculiarities. Take for instance the climate of the North- Eastern portion of the United States. That region is characterized by intense heat during the summer, and extreme cold in the winter. In New York,
for example, the mean summer temperature ranges as high as 70'0°, while the mean winter temperature is as low as 30'1° ; yet the mean temperature of the whole year is 53'2°, affording no indication of these extremes. The mean annual temperature alone, therefore, would be entirely misleading, as it would give no idea of these alternations of heat and cold. Such being the case, the actual character of any climate will be far better realized by placing in juxtaposition the mean annual temperature, the mean temperature of the hot, and the mean temperature of the cooler months. First of all, then, I purpose showing the mean annual temperature, and also the mean temperatures for the hot and cooler months, of the four largest Australian centres.
Table showing the Mean Annual Temperature, and also the Mean Temperatures for the Hot and Cooler Months, of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Brisbane.
Capital.
Mean Annual Temperature.
Mean Tempeiuture
for the Hot Months.
Mean Tempei ature
for the Cooler Months.
Sydney ....
58-7
Melbourne
57-5
53-8
Adelaide
72-4
58-4
Brisbane
67-74
75-2
64-3
Much will be gained by a comparison of these temperatures of the Australian capitals with those of some other cities in different parts of the world. A contrast of this kind will, in my opinion, help to a truer understanding of the climate of these capitals, than any other. Accordingly I made a successful application to ]\rr. H. C. Russell, for the corresponding temperatures of the following cities : London,
Edinburgh, Dublin ; Marseilles, Naples, Messina ; New York, San Francisco, New Orleans ; Bombay, Calcutta, and ]\Iadras.
Table showing the Mean Annual Temperature, as well as the Mean Summer and Winter Temperatures, in twelve different cities.
City.
Mean Annual Temperature.
Mean Summer Tempemture.
Mean Winter Temperature.
United Kingdom — London Edinburgh . Dublin
50-8 47-5
62 9
39-5
40-7
Southern Europe — Marseilles (Francr) Naples (Italy) Messina (Sicily) .
58-3 65 8
72-9 74-4
77-2
45-2 47-6
United States of America — New York . San Francisco New Orleans
53-2 56-2 69-8
70-9
61-6 65-8
India — Bombay Calcutta Madras
78-8 78-4
82-6 83-3 86-4
73-8 67-8 76-6