When the demand for heat is urgent or the fire must be built
up quickly, the fuel-[3ed nmst be kept uniformly thick, but not
too tliick, using the coarser part of the coal and all the draft
available. Air will then flow freely through the entire fuel-bed
and bum the coal at a maximum rate. Under such conditions,
the firings should be made at frequent intervals and small
charges used, so that the fresh fuel will only for a short time
chill the temi>eraturc of the fire pot. When heavy firings are
made the fresh fuel not only increiises the resistance to flow of
air through the fuel-bed, so that the rate of combustion is low-
ercfl, but it acts as a cold blanket to screen the heating surfaces
from the radiant heat of the fucl-iieth
In mild weather it is well to leave on the grates a layer of
ashes under the active fyel4>etL This layer will increase the
resistance to the flow of air through the fuel-lied and facilitate
the maintenance of the low rate of combustion required in such
weather; also, it will cut off some of the grate surface.
Clinkers should be kept worked out of the fuel-bed, for they
itt
200
A MANUAL OF HOME-MAKING
obstruct t he flow of air through it^ clog iho grates, and may break
the parts tif sliaking gratt?s.
Heating surfaces, or Oues as they are sometimes called if the
heater be a l:>oilcr, must be swept clean so that they will readily
absorb heat. Soot cuts down the heat-absorbing power of any
heating surface veiy rapidly, and, t herefoitv, should not be al-
lowed to accumulate. Ashes should iifit Ix* allowcxi to pile
up under the grates in the ash pit, for they will seal off the air
from part, of the grate surface and may cause tlie grate-bars
to be burned and warped.
Coal as free from slate and ash as possible should be pur-
chased.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS FtrELS
Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various fuels
for re^sidenee heating have l>een mentioned. Tlie*se and some
others are summarized in the table on page 201:
LIGHTING
Although electricity is in many ways the most desirable form
of artificial light, other lights may still have certain advantages.
The most effective use of any type of light should be studied for
both economic and hygienic rea^sons.
Types of lights and their care.
Candles.
The use of candles is now limited almost entirely to decora-
tive lighting. Candle hght is expensive in compariiKjn with
other lights.
Kerosene,
Kerosene gives a soft light that is easy on the eyes if it m
properly shaded by a slightly liluish chimney. The disadvan-
tages of kerosene lighting are tfic labor of cleaning and tilling
the lamps^ the odor and the vitiation of the air, and the danger
of explosion. Following are some suggestions for the care of
Jrerotsane lamps:
I
HEAT AND LIGHT
201
TABLE Xr*-ADVAMTAOW AWD DmADVANTAOEfl OF VaJOIOCS FuBUI ANt> Of ELKCnttCITT »
Fud
Wood.
Asibracite
Bituminous con]
SubbiiuraiDous coal
and kigmte.
Peat..
Coke.
Oil
Gas
Electricity.
AdtatdageM
(o) Cteauliiicss. ifA cheerful fire,
(c) quit^k ttiicruase of heat, (d>
cheap in some localities.
(ti) Clean linciw, {h) wwy control
of fin*. {0 eiisier to realise beui
iQ cTial than im the case with
oLh«?r rrmb, (</) «t<eady ht"«L
(it) Low nripe, {h) &va\XvAn\i\y,
<c} high beat value (in tho b(»t
($ruic^), id) low pc'rroiittt^p d
inert mat l«r (in the be»t gradcfl).
Page 105
Presented as published in 1919. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
A modernized reading is not available for this page yet. You are seeing the original text.
When the demand for heat is urgent or the fire must be built
up quickly, the fuel-[3ed nmst be kept uniformly thick, but not
too tliick, using the coarser part of the coal and all the draft
available. Air will then flow freely through the entire fuel-bed
and bum the coal at a maximum rate. Under such conditions,
the firings should be made at frequent intervals and small
charges used, so that the fresh fuel will only for a short time
chill the temi>eraturc of the fire pot. When heavy firings are
made the fresh fuel not only increiises the resistance to flow of
air through the fuel-bed, so that the rate of combustion is low-
ercfl, but it acts as a cold blanket to screen the heating surfaces
from the radiant heat of the fucl-iieth
In mild weather it is well to leave on the grates a layer of
ashes under the active fyel4>etL This layer will increase the
resistance to the flow of air through the fuel-lied and facilitate
the maintenance of the low rate of combustion required in such
weather; also, it will cut off some of the grate surface.
Clinkers should be kept worked out of the fuel-bed, for they
itt
200
A MANUAL OF HOME-MAKING
obstruct t he flow of air through it^ clog iho grates, and may break
the parts tif sliaking gratt?s.
Heating surfaces, or Oues as they are sometimes called if the
heater be a l:>oilcr, must be swept clean so that they will readily
absorb heat. Soot cuts down the heat-absorbing power of any
heating surface veiy rapidly, and, t herefoitv, should not be al-
lowed to accumulate. Ashes should iifit Ix* allowcxi to pile
up under the grates in the ash pit, for they will seal off the air
from part, of the grate surface and may cause tlie grate-bars
to be burned and warped.
Coal as free from slate and ash as possible should be pur-
chased.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS FtrELS
Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various fuels
for re^sidenee heating have l>een mentioned. Tlie*se and some
others are summarized in the table on page 201:
LIGHTING
Although electricity is in many ways the most desirable form
of artificial light, other lights may still have certain advantages.
The most effective use of any type of light should be studied for
both economic and hygienic rea^sons.
Types of lights and their care.
Candles.
The use of candles is now limited almost entirely to decora-
tive lighting. Candle hght is expensive in compariiKjn with
other lights.
Kerosene,
Kerosene gives a soft light that is easy on the eyes if it m
properly shaded by a slightly liluish chimney. The disadvan-
tages of kerosene lighting are tfic labor of cleaning and tilling
the lamps^ the odor and the vitiation of the air, and the danger
of explosion. Following are some suggestions for the care of
Jrerotsane lamps:
I
HEAT AND LIGHT
201
TABLE Xr*-ADVAMTAOW AWD DmADVANTAOEfl OF VaJOIOCS FuBUI ANt> Of ELKCnttCITT »
Fud
Wood.
Asibracite
Bituminous con]
SubbiiuraiDous coal
and kigmte.
Peat..
Coke.
Oil
Gas
Electricity.
AdtatdageM
(o) Cteauliiicss. ifA cheerful fire,
(c) quit^k ttiicruase of heat, (d>
cheap in some localities.
(ti) Clean linciw, {h) wwy control
of fin*. {0 eiisier to realise beui
iQ cTial than im the case with
oLh«?r rrmb, (</) «t<eady ht"«L
(it) Low nripe, {h) &va\XvAn\i\y,
<c} high beat value (in tho b(»t
($ruic^), id) low pc'rroiittt^p d
inert mat l«r (in the be»t gradcfl).