(3) Inability to secure fertilizer and agricultural implements. While we may look to a betterment of this condition as the re- sult of the cessation of hostilities, it will be impossible for several years to increase the stores of certain lines of food. In view of the decreased man power and the choatic condition of both capital and labor in Europe, it will be difficult to get back immediately to tlio prewar production of food. B. Distribution. — The distribution of foods was hampered during the war by the imperative need to reduce tonnage available for ship- ping food because of a shortage in ships and because over one-third of the world's shipping tonnage was demanded for military pur- poses. Distant markets, such as Australia, India, and Argentine, were for a long time unavailable. They accumulated stores of food which are now available. It is impossible to tell what the effect of the sudden release of these large stores of food will be on the food market. 2. Foods effected. — The foods which have been most effected by war conditions are the concentrated staple foods which were valu- 240 USE AND PREPARATION OF FOOD. 241 able for shipping, particularly wheat, meat, fats, and sugar, Wit!i normal conditions as to production, we can look forward to a more immediate adjustment in the vegetable than in the animal foods, 'i'he vegetable foods are produced in one season. The animal foods require a longer time for production and to a great extent repre- sent the great food reserves which have been drained as a I'esult of tlie war. At the present time there is indication of a world short- age of fats. This is being relieved in part by the utilization of cer- tain forms of vegetable fats which have not been previously used for food purposes. 3. America's part in meeting the food situation. — America's part in the international food program is to increase the ordinary sur- plus of concentrated foodstuffs, especially live stock and fats, so as to have the largest amount possible to share with the countries in need. We can expect great fluctuations in the food market, as the stores of food supplies in the distant countries are made avail- able by the release of shipping from military purposes, so we must stand ready to take advantage of any oversupply of any particu- lar food which may be turned back upon this country as the result of supplies being made available from other countries. If the house- wives stand ready to step in in such emergencies, much can be done to prevent sudden slumps in prices which will eventually react to the detriment of all. If the buying power of the housewife is kept flexible it will help us pass from abnormal to normal conditions. During the j^ear 1919 the United States has promised to send a,broad 20,000,000 tons of food, an increase of more than 8,000,000 tons than in 1918 with no larger suplus to draw from. This amount of food includes 4,000,000 pounds of dairy products and between 3,000,- 000 and 4,000,000 pounds of pork products. It is essential that this food be sent or many of the people of Europe ma}^ die of starvation. The sending of this food is an international duty. 4. The above food situation brings the housewife face to face with certain definite problems in supplying the food for the family. These are : A. The obligation and the privilege to use food economically in order to help in feeding all the world.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

(3) Inability to secure fertilizer and agricultural implements. While we may look to a betterment of this condition as the result of the cessation of hostilities, it will be impossible for several years to increase the stores of certain lines of food. In view of the decreased man power and the chaotic condition of both capital and labor in Europe, it will be difficult to get back immediately to the prewar production of food. B. Distribution. — The distribution of foods was hampered during the war by the imperative need to reduce tonnage available for shipping food because of a shortage in ships and because over one-third of the world's shipping tonnage was demanded for military purposes. Distant markets, such as Australia, India, and Argentine, were for a long time unavailable. They accumulated stores of food which are now available. It is impossible to tell what the effect of the sudden release of these large stores of food will be on the food market. 2. Foods effected. — The foods which have been most effected by war conditions are the concentrated staple foods which were valu- able for shipping, particularly wheat, meat, fats, and sugar, With normal conditions as to production, we can look forward to a more immediate adjustment in the vegetable than in the animal foods, The vegetable foods are produced in one season. The animal foods require a longer time for production and to a great extent represent the great food reserves which have been drained as a result of tlie war. At the present time there is indication of a world shortage of fats. This is being relieved in part by the utilization of certain forms of vegetable fats which have not been previously used for food purposes. 3. America's part in meeting the food situation. — America's part in the international food program is to increase the ordinary surplus of concentrated foodstuffs, especially live stock and fats, so as to have the largest amount possible to share with the countries in need. We can expect great fluctuations in the food market, as the stores of food supplies in the distant countries are made available by the release of shipping from military purposes, so we must stand ready to take advantage of any oversupply of any particular food which may be turned back upon this country as the result of supplies being made available from other countries. If the housewives stand ready to step in in such emergencies, much can be done to prevent sudden slumps in prices which will eventually react to the detriment of all. If the buying power of the housewife is kept flexible it will help us pass from abnormal to normal conditions. During the year 1919 the United States has promised to send a,broad 20,000,000 tons of food, an increase of more than 8,000,000 tons than in 1918 with no larger suplus to draw from. This amount of food includes 4,000,000 pounds of dairy products and between 3,000,- 000 and 4,000,000 pounds of pork products. It is essential that this food be sent or many of the people of Europe may die of starvation. The sending of this food is an international duty. 4. The above food situation brings the housewife face to face with certain definite problems in supplying the food for the family. These are : A. The obligation and the privilege to use food economically in order to help in feeding all the world.

Use and preparation of food