The volume to be made up for a day is found by multiplying tha amount per feeding by times per day the infant is fed. B. Composition: (1) Milk to furnish building material and energy, 1| ounces of milk to each pound of baby's weight. (2) Sugar to supplement the energy of the milk, one-eighth ounce to each pound of baby's weight. The forms of sugar most desirable are: {a) Dextrimaltose. (5) Lactose, (c) Cane sugar. (3) Water or cereal umter added to make required volume. C. Mixing: (1) Make up at one time the milk for the whole day. In case the baby is being fed only partially on artificial food, calculate amount for whole day and estimate the amount to be prepared on basis of the proportion of the diet to be given in artificial form. (2) Measure water which must be sterilized. Measure and add sugar. Be sure it is dissolved. Measure milk; bring to boil unless certified milk is used. Add to water and sugar mix- ture and mix well. (3) Divide the full amount among the number of bottles to be filled. Plug the bottles with cotton, cool quickl}'^, and place on ice. At feeding time heat milk to body temperature, remove cotton, and adjust sterile nipple. USE AND PREPARATIOlSr OF FOOD. 223 D. Care of bottles and nipples is most important in the artificial feeding of baby. Many a baby has been considered unable to digest cow's milk properly when the real difficulty lay in the fact that the bottles and nipples were contaminated or the milk was not handled with siillicient care. (1) Bottles should have short necks and round corners. They should be thoroughly cleaned with soapy water and a bottle brush and then sterilized by boiling. Extra bottles should be provided for water which should be given between feedings. (2) Nipples should be thoroughly scrubbed, turned, and scrubbed again. , They should then be boiled for a moment and put away in a sterile jar until needed. Because rubber is more difficult to sterilize than glass, the small nipple is better than the large one used on the open-mouthed bottle. 5. Fruit juice (strained orange or prune) may be added to the diet of the baby after the second month. This is especially helpful in correcting constipation. Start with 1 teaspoonful and increase as it seems necessary or desirable. 6. Rate of gain: A. Six to 8 ounces weekly during the first half of the first year, gradually decreasing to 2 or 3 ounces a week for the second half. B. An artificially fed baby may gain only half as fast and still be all right. A slow gain is much better than the indigestion that is likely to result from attempts to force greater gain. The slowness in early months is made up later. C. If the child has a good color, sleeps well, is cheerful, and properly active, a slight underweight is not important. Decided overweight is never desirable. 7. Weaning: A. Time. — If the milk supply of the mother is normal, weaning should come between the ninth and twelfth month. The mother's milk is not sufficient as the sole source of the food after the ninth month, and some supplementary food, as milk, fruit juice, and cereal, must be used after this tmie, and with physician's advice may be used earlier.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

The volume to be made up for a day is found by multiplying the amount per feeding by times per day the infant is fed. B. Composition: (1) Milk to furnish building material and energy, 1| ounces of milk to each pound of baby's weight. (2) Sugar to supplement the energy of the milk, one-eighth ounce to each pound of baby's weight. The forms of sugar most desirable are: {a) Dextrimaltose. (5) Lactose, (c) Cane sugar. (3) Water or cereal water added to make required volume. C. Mixing: (1) Make up at one time the milk for the whole day. In case the baby is being fed only partially on artificial food, calculate amount for whole day and estimate the amount to be prepared on basis of the proportion of the diet to be given in artificial form. (2) Measure water which must be sterilized. Measure and add sugar. Be sure it is dissolved. Measure milk; bring to boil unless certified milk is used. Add to water and sugar mixture and mix well. (3) Divide the full amount among the number of bottles to be filled. Plug the bottles with cotton, cool quickly, and place on ice. At feeding time heat milk to body temperature, remove cotton, and adjust sterile nipple. D. Care of bottles and nipples is most important in the artificial feeding of baby. Many a baby has been considered unable to digest cow's milk properly when the real difficulty lay in the fact that the bottles and nipples were contaminated or the milk was not handled with sufficient care. (1) Bottles should have short necks and round corners. They should be thoroughly cleaned with soapy water and a bottle brush and then sterilized by boiling. Extra bottles should be provided for water which should be given between feedings. (2) Nipples should be thoroughly scrubbed, turned, and scrubbed again. , They should then be boiled for a moment and put away in a sterile jar until needed. Because rubber is more difficult to sterilize than glass, the small nipple is better than the large one used on the open-mouthed bottle. 5. Fruit juice (strained orange or prune) may be added to the diet of the baby after the second month. This is especially helpful in correcting constipation. Start with 1 teaspoonful and increase as it seems necessary or desirable. 6. Rate of gain: A. Six to 8 ounces weekly during the first half of the first year, gradually decreasing to 2 or 3 ounces a week for the second half. B. An artificially fed baby may gain only half as fast and still be all right. A slow gain is much better than the indigestion that is likely to result from attempts to force greater gain. The slowness in early months is made up later. C. If the child has a good color, sleeps well, is cheerful, and properly active, a slight underweight is not important. Decided overweight is never desirable. 7. Weaning: A. Time. — If the milk supply of the mother is normal, weaning should come between the ninth and twelfth month. The mother's milk is not sufficient as the sole source of the food after the ninth month, and some supplementary food, as milk, fruit juice, and cereal, must be used after this time, and with physician's advice may be used earlier.

Use and preparation of food