C. Phosphorus. — If plenty of milk and whole cereals are used the phosphorus requirements will be adequately met. METHOD OF DEVELOPIXG LABORATORY WORK. The teacher should give tlie class typical menus low in mineral mat- ter, ask for specific criticisms, and have the menus changed to in- clude the foods which will furnish the necessary mineral matter. By the use of tables giving the mineral content of various foods, the exact amount may be calculated, but this is unnecessary. Suggest, 128209°— 19 14 210 USE AND PREPAEATION OF FOOD. rather, that the practical method of checking up, given above, be used, and that the women shoukl see that they inckide plenty of the foods mentioned as supplying mineral matter, so that they will al- low an ample margin. Explain that there is no danger of their sup- plying too nuich mineral. Urge the importance of a mixed diet to assure quantity and variety of mineral matter. Ask for special diets to be planned for a day to meet the mineral requirements of (1) a growing child, (2) an anemic woman. Lesson 5. Further Essentials of the Adequate Dietary. AIM. To show further the need of wise selection of foodstuffs if the diet is to furnish all of the essentials for normal growth and the main- tenance of health. points to be brought out. 1. Even with an adequate supply of fuel foods and building ma- terials the body is not properly fed unless certain foods are included which serve in various ways to regulate the body processes and keep it functioning properly. The following foods must be considered in relation to the diet: A. Foods furnishing dietary essentials, " fat soluble A" and " water soluble B " — ( 1 ) These are two substances concerning which little is known except that they are of equal importance with other nutrients, ' and that when they are lacking the body does not grow normally and health can not be maintained properly. (a) The fat soluble substance may be obtained from milk, but- ter, cream, and egg yolk. Considerable amounts are also fur- nished by green leaf or stem vegetables. This substance is one thing that makes whole milk or butter so indispensable for chil- dren. (6) The water soluble substance is generally distributed through foods. Sufficient quantities may be obtained from milk, eggs, whole cereals, legumes, and other vegetables. It will be lacking in a diet which contains large proportions of highly re- jBned products, such as white sugar, very white flour, vegetable oils, and lard. B. Foods furnishing necessary minerals and acids — (1) Small amounts of various minerals are necessary to keep body fluids at the proper concentration and to carry on 'processes USE AND PKEP^VEATION OF FOOD. 211 wliich are essential. These are best supplied from fruits, vege- tables, and milk. (2) Fruits and vegetables also furnish necessary organic acids Avhich are changed during metabolism into alkaline material which helps to maintain the alkaline reserve needed in the body- to neutralize acids formed in the digestion of meats, eggs, cereals, legumes, and nuts. C. Laxative foods — It is necessary to have in the diet foods that give bulk and stimulate the activity of the muscles of the intestines so that the waste of the body is carried off. If the intestines become clogged, poisonous compounds are formed which may cause serious re- sults. Laxative foods are :

AI-modernized reading of the original text

C. Phosphorus. — If plenty of milk and whole cereals are used the phosphorus requirements will be adequately met. The teacher should give tlie class typical menus low in mineral matter, ask for specific criticisms, and have the menus changed to include the foods which will furnish the necessary mineral matter. By the use of tables giving the mineral content of various foods, the exact amount may be calculated, but this is unnecessary. Suggest, 128209°— 19 14 rather, that the practical method of checking up, given above, be used, and that the women should see that they include plenty of the foods mentioned as supplying mineral matter, so that they will allow an ample margin. Explain that there is no danger of their supplying too much mineral. Urge the importance of a mixed diet to assure quantity and variety of mineral matter. Ask for special diets to be planned for a day to meet the mineral requirements of (1) a growing child, (2) an anemic woman. Lesson 5. Further Essentials of the Adequate Dietary. AIM. To show further the need of wise selection of foodstuffs if the diet is to furnish all of the essentials for normal growth and the maintenance of health. points to be brought out. 1. Even with an adequate supply of fuel foods and building materials the body is not properly fed unless certain foods are included which serve in various ways to regulate the body processes and keep it functioning properly. The following foods must be considered in relation to the diet: A. Foods furnishing dietary essentials, " fat soluble A" and " water soluble B " — ( 1 ) These are two substances concerning which little is known except that they are of equal importance with other nutrients, ' and that when they are lacking the body does not grow normally and health can not be maintained properly. (a) The fat soluble substance may be obtained from milk, butter, cream, and egg yolk. Considerable amounts are also furnished by green leaf or stem vegetables. This substance is one thing that makes whole milk or butter so indispensable for children. (6) The water soluble substance is generally distributed through foods. Sufficient quantities may be obtained from milk, eggs, whole cereals, legumes, and other vegetables. It will be lacking in a diet which contains large proportions of highly refined products, such as white sugar, very white flour, vegetable oils, and lard. B. Foods furnishing necessary minerals and acids — (1) Small amounts of various minerals are necessary to keep body fluids at the proper concentration and to carry on 'processes which are essential. These are best supplied from fruits, vegetables, and milk. (2) Fruits and vegetables also furnish necessary organic acids which are changed during metabolism into alkaline material which helps to maintain the alkaline reserve needed in the bodyto neutralize acids formed in the digestion of meats, eggs, cereals, legumes, and nuts. C. Laxative foods — It is necessary to have in the diet foods that give bulk and stimulate the activity of the muscles of the intestines so that the waste of the body is carried off. If the intestines become clogged, poisonous compounds are formed which may cause serious results. Laxative foods are :

Use and preparation of food