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If such palliative means as those just spoken of, as aromatics , laxatives, and outward warming applicatioiis, do not, in a reasonable time, show signs of affording relief of severe pain — we may have to obtain medical advice, or in its absence to resort to anodynes. Of these, the quickest and most effectual are those made from opium especially laudanum (tincture of opium) (tincture of opium). A much weaker one is paregoric (camphorated tincture of opium) . Camphor is , in the form of spirits of camphor, both an aromatic and an anodyne; in the latter quality, however, less potent, at least in ordinary doses, than opium. Both, and especially opium, require great care in their use. (Doses of all remedies and medicines recommended, will be found tabulated in a later part of this Dook). Pain in the abdomen, however, by no means always comes from indigestion or colic. It may possibly be the beginning of inflammation of tlie bowels, or of dysentery ; oi peritonitis ; or of obstruction of the bowels. It may be seated in the liver ; in the kidneys (then rather in the back); if low down, in the bladder ; in the female, in the ovaries or womb ; or there may be an aneurysm of the aorta, or a cancer ; or it may be only a form of neuralgia. For each of these, which a good deal of knowledge may be needed to ascertain, a different kind of treatment will be called for ; the pain being only one of the manifestations of disorder. Therefore any suspicion of so serious a possibility as either of these (or even severe or obstinate colic) will be a proper reason for promptly obtaining the advice of a physician. For the relief of pain in the side or chest, a mustard -plaster is to be considered, after trial of rubbing, and simple heat (by a hot flannel, hot flat-iron, bag of hot salt or sand, or a tin vessel filled with hot water) the first active remedy. So much here depends on the origin of the pain, that no further uniform treatment of chest or side pains can be advantageously laid down. Pain in the chest may result from pleurisy, pneumonia, neuralgia, rheumatism , heart- disease, aneurism of the aorta, etc., or from so secondary a cause as dyspepsia ("heartburn," cardialgia). Each of these requires some difference of management. Other Seats of Pain. Pain in the head is of several kinds , and dependent on several causes. Very seldom are anodynes suitable as remedies for headache, because they all act more or less powerfully on the brain, and so, may do harm. As a rule, we may say, never take opiates or other anodynes for headache, unless directly under medical advice. For ' * sick headache, ' ' which is habitual with certain persons, and then very hard to cure or even relieve, the most frequently useful remedy is a dose of magnesia or aromatic spirit of ammonia. When an aching head is hot, we are safe always in trying to cool it, by laying upon the forehead a light handkerchief wet every few minutes with cold water. A neuralgic headache will be more likely to be helped by application of heat to the part affected. Gentle rubbing with a pencil of menthol, such as is now sold by druggists, will often mitigate, if not relieve, it.