Tuberculosis is the constitutional affection of which consumption of the lungs is the most familiar manifestation ; but it often also affects the bowels, brain and other or- gans. Tubercles are the small, irregular, roundish deposits found after death in the place of healthy tissues ; which, however, frequently soften, leaving cavities. Tuber- cular menijigitis is the name given to an almost always fatal form of inflammation of the membranes of the brain, in children. Scrofula is an old designation for a con- stitutional tendency showing itself early in life, by swelling of the glands of the neck and elsewhere, sore eyes, sore nose, running at the ears, and sometimes inflammation and decay of the bones of the limbs, or " white swelling " of the knee. Toxasmia : Blood=Poisoning. Blood-poisoning can never be a trifling thing. We should be in deadly danger of it every day, but that so much is arranged in our bodies not only to prevent it, but to re- 474 lieve it promptly when it begins to take place. Indeed, each particle of used-up matter, which has served its purpose in any organ, becomes poisonous the moment it gets into the blood. But then, at once, the lungs, skin, kidneys, and bowels, with help also from the liver, take from the blood these dead particles, and carry them out, in the exhaled breath, perspiration, urine, and ex- crement. There are several forms of blood-poison- ing, due to suppression of the action of the kidneys, nonsecretion of bile by the liver, or to retention of putrefiable matter not car- ried off by the bowels. Next to these may be named septicoemia, produced by the absorption of foul material from a surface of the body, or near it ; as from a gangrenous wound or an unhealthy abscess. Outside poisons reach the blood through the mouth and stomach, by the lungs, or by the skin, as by bad dri?iking- water, and the microbes of malaria, small- pox, scarlet fever, yellow fever, cholera, etc. Fever. When one has a hot, dry skin, a glowing red cheek, thirst, a rapid pulse, and weak- ness of body, with more or less dulness or disturbance of the mental faculties, we say he has fever. Constipation of the bowels, and scanty secretion from the kidneys, also commonly belong to the same condition. But of all this group of symptoms, the most constant is heat. In health, a thermometer in the armpit will mark 98.5° Fahr. Fever often runs it up to 103°, 104°, 105°, or even higher still. Fever is met with in connection with many diseases. Inflammation of any of the great organs, brain, lungs, heart, pleura, bronchial tubes, stomach, bowels, etc., will, when active, be attended by it. And, with- out any inflammation, we meet with it in typhus ; also with inflammatory affections secondary to the general disease, in scarlet fever, small -pox, measles, diphtheria ; and with or without local inflammations, in yel- low fever, in relapsing, intermittent, and re- mittent fevers ; perhaps also sometimes without any true acute inflammation, in ty- phoid fever. II CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES Various plans of arrangement have been proposed, and are in use. I prefer to name all diseases as either Inflammations and Tox.^Mic disorders, CxICHECtic affections, Nervous disorders, or Uxclassifiable diseases .

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Tuberculosis is the constitutional affection of which consumption of the lungs is the most familiar manifestation ; but it often also affects the bowels, brain and other organs. Tubercles are the small, irregular, roundish deposits found after death in the place of healthy tissues ; which, however, frequently soften, leaving cavities. Tubercular meningitis is the name given to an almost always fatal form of inflammation of the membranes of the brain, in children. Scrofula is an old designation for a constitutional tendency showing itself early in life, by swelling of the glands of the neck and elsewhere, sore eyes, sore nose, running at the ears, and sometimes inflammation and decay of the bones of the limbs, or " white swelling " of the knee. Toxasmia : Blood=Poisoning. Blood-poisoning can never be a trifling thing. We should be in deadly danger of it every day, but that so much is arranged in our bodies not only to prevent it, but to re- lieve it promptly when it begins to take place. Indeed, each particle of used-up matter, which has served its purpose in any organ, becomes poisonous the moment it gets into the blood. But then, at once, the lungs, skin, kidneys, and bowels, with help also from the liver, take from the blood these dead particles, and carry them out, in the exhaled breath, perspiration, urine, and excrement. There are several forms of blood-poisoning, due to suppression of the action of the kidneys, nonsecretion of bile by the liver, or to retention of putrefiable matter not carried off by the bowels. Next to these may be named septicoemia, produced by the absorption of foul material from a surface of the body, or near it ; as from a gangrenous wound or an unhealthy abscess. Outside poisons reach the blood through the mouth and stomach, by the lungs, or by the skin, as by bad drinking water, and the microbes of malaria, smallpox, scarlet fever, yellow fever, cholera, etc. Fever. When one has a hot, dry skin, a glowing red cheek, thirst, a rapid pulse, and weakness of body, with more or less dulness or disturbance of the mental faculties, we say he has fever. Constipation of the bowels, and scanty secretion from the kidneys, also commonly belong to the same condition. But of all this group of symptoms, the most constant is heat. In health, a thermometer in the armpit will mark 98.5° Fahr. Fever often runs it up to 103°, 104°, 105°, or even higher still. Fever is met with in connection with many diseases. Inflammation of any of the great organs, brain, lungs, heart, pleura, bronchial tubes, stomach, bowels, etc., will, when active, be attended by it. And, without any inflammation, we meet with it in typhus ; also with inflammatory affections secondary to the general disease, in scarlet fever, small -pox, measles, diphtheria ; and with or without local inflammations, in yellow fever, in relapsing, intermittent, and remittent fevers ; perhaps also sometimes without any true acute inflammation, in typhoid fever. CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES Various plans of arrangement have been proposed, and are in use. I prefer to name all diseases as either Inflammations and Tox.^Mic disorders, CxICHECtic affections, Nervous disorders, or Uxclassifiable diseases .

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