cal assistance, blankets and dry clothing, but proceed to treat the patient instantly, on the spot, in the open air, with the face downwards, whether on shore or afloat; exposing the face, lieck, and chest to the wind, except in severe weather, and removing all tight clothing from the neck and chest, especially the braces. The points to be aimed at are — first, and imme- diately, the restoration of breathing^ and, secondly, after breathing is restored, the promotion of warmth and circula- tioa. The efforts to restore breathing must be commenced immediately and energetically, and persevered in for one or two hours, or until a medical man has pronounced that life is extinct. Efforts to promote warmth and circulation, beyond removing the wet clothes and drying the skin, must not be made until the first appearance of natural breathing. For if the circulation of the blood be induced before breathing has commenced, the restoration of life will be endangered. To Restore Breathing. — Place the patient on the floor or ground, with the face downwards, and one of the arms under the forehead, in which position all fluids will more readily escape by the mouth, and the tongue itself will fall forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. Assist the opera- tion by wiping and cleansing the mouth. If satisfactory breathing commences, use the treatment pre- scribed below to promote warmth. If there be only slight breathing, or no breathing, or if the breathing fail, then, to ex- cite breathing, turn the patient well and instantly on the side, supporting the head; and excite the nostrils with snuff, harts- horn, and smelling-salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, and dash cold water, or cold and hot water alternately, oh them. If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly — to imi- tate breathing — replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on folded coat or other article of dress. Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, back again; repeating these measures cautiously, efficiently, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side. On each occasion that the body is repl'iaced on the face, make uniform, but efficient, pressure, with brisk movement on the back between and below the shoulder-blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side. During the whole operation, let one person attend solely to the movements of the head and of the arm placed under it. Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the body, and cover, or gradually reclothe, it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing. MEDICINAL. ,329

AI-modernized reading of the original text

cal assistance, blankets and dry clothing, but proceed to treat the patient instantly, on the spot, in the open air, with the face downwards, whether on shore or afloat; exposing the face, lieck, and chest to the wind, except in severe weather, and removing all tight clothing from the neck and chest, especially the braces. The points to be aimed at are — first, and immediately, the restoration of breathing; and, secondly, after breathing is restored, the promotion of warmth and circulation. The efforts to restore breathing must be commenced immediately and energetically, and persevered in for one or two hours, or until a medical man has pronounced that life is extinct. Efforts to promote warmth and circulation, beyond removing the wet clothes and drying the skin, must not be made until the first appearance of natural breathing. For if the circulation of the blood be induced before breathing has commenced, the restoration of life will be endangered. To Restore Breathing. — Place the patient on the floor or ground, with the face downwards, and one of the arms under the forehead, in which position all fluids will more readily escape by the mouth, and the tongue itself will fall forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. Assist the operation by wiping and cleansing the mouth. If satisfactory breathing commences, use the treatment prescribed below to promote warmth. If there be only slight breathing, or no breathing, or if the breathing fail, then, to excite breathing, turn the patient well and instantly on the side, supporting the head; and excite the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, and smelling-salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, and dash cold water, or cold and hot water alternately, on them. If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly — to imitate breathing — replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on folded coat or other article of dress. Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, back again; repeating these measures cautiously, efficiently, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side. On each occasion that the body is replaced on the face, make uniform, but efficient, pressure, with brisk movement on the back between and below the shoulder-blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side. During the whole operation, let one person attend solely to the movements of the head and of the arm placed under it. Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the body, and cover, or gradually reclothe, it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

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