Treatment. — The treatment of this affection is guided by its essentially spasmodic character during the paroxysm. Hot and stimulating fomentations should be applied to the chest, and sedative and nauseant medicines given at short intervals, thus: — Ipecacuanha wine, 2 drachms; paregoric, 2 drachms; tinc- ture of henbane, 4 drachms. Add water to eight ounces, and give one tablespoonf ul every hour, until the breathing is easier. Or an emetic of mustard and water may be given previously. As the paroxysm subsides, give the following: Compound tincture of cardamoms, i drachm; chloric ether, 20 minims; foetid spirits of ammonia, 30 minims; water, a wineglass.ful; every four hours for some hours and then either treat as for SSa MEDICINAL acute bronchitis, if cough, etc., continue, or withdraw all medicine, and leave nature to complete the cure. Biliousness, Billiary Derangements, Congestion of the Liver. — These are known under various names, confounding together stomach and liver disorder; thus we have them spoken of as ** sick-headache," ''bowel complaint," *' jaundice," etc. Symptoms. — They may be classed under the two heads of "diminished secretion," and *' excessive secretion." The latter produces English cholera, or diarrhoea, of a troublesome char- acter, attended with griping pains, and more or less sickness, the attack being of an acute character. A diminution in the secretion of bile generally manifests itself by symptoms of a more chronic type. They are more tardy in their approach, and do not pass off so quickly as those of an excessive flow of bile. This form of deranged func- tions of the liver is indicated by irregularity in the intestinal functions; the bowels act with sluggishness, and become con- stipated; the evacuations are pale or slate-colored; the stomach begins to show its participation in the disorder by dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea. A well-known pain under the right shoul- der-blade is one of the commonest attendants of this disorder. Headache occurs. The sight is impaired or interrupted by dark specks or films, termed " muscae volitantes," floating, as it were, before the eyes. The complexion becomes sallow, or of a muddy, yellowish color. The patient becomes a sufferer from piles, and, as an almost inevitable consequence of such varied derangement of functions, depression of spirits follows. This latter is a very common attendant upon disorders of the liver, the word hypochondrical having an etymological refer- ence to the liver as the seat of the disorder. Jaundice is not an unfrequent occurrence to children Suffering from bilious derangement, but has not then a serious import. Jaundice is a very frequent occurrence with new-born infants, and arises from an alteration in the course and quantity of blood that passes through the liver after birth. It cannot be called a dis- ease under such circumstances, nor does it require medicinal treatment. In the former condition — that of an excessive flow of bile — the liver is said to be in a state of active conges- tion; in the latter, of passive congestion. The former may pass into inflammation. This, however, is rarely seen in this country, but is only too frequently met with in hot climates. The pain that is felt in the right side with the above described symptoms, and not uncommonly regarded as an indication of inflammation of the liver, is the result of congestion of the organ.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Treatment. — The treatment of this affection is guided by its essentially spasmodic character during the paroxysm. Hot and stimulating fomentations should be applied to the chest, and sedative and nauseant medicines given at short intervals, thus: — Ipecacuanha wine, 2 drachms; paregoric, 2 drachms; tincture of henbane, 4 drachms. Add water to eight ounces, and give one tablespoonfull every hour, until the breathing is easier. Or an emetic of mustard and water may be given previously. As the paroxysm subsides, give the following: Compound tincture of cardamoms, i drachm; chloric ether, 20 minims; foetid spirits of ammonia, 30 minims; water, a wineglass full; every four hours for some hours and then either treat as for [illustration: MEDICINAL] acute bronchitis, if cough, etc., continue, or withdraw all medicine, and leave nature to complete the cure. Biliousness, Billiary Derangements, Congestion of the Liver. — These are known under various names, confounding together stomach and liver disorder; thus we have them spoken of as ** sick-headache," ''bowel complaint," *' jaundice," etc. Symptoms. — They may be classed under the two heads of "diminished secretion," and *' excessive secretion." The latter produces English cholera, or diarrhoea, of a troublesome character, attended with griping pains, and more or less sickness, the attack being of an acute character. A diminution in the secretion of bile generally manifests itself by symptoms of a more chronic type. They are more tardy in their approach, and do not pass off so quickly as those of an excessive flow of bile. This form of deranged functions of the liver is indicated by irregularity in the intestinal functions; the bowels act with sluggishness, and become constipated; the evacuations are pale or slate-colored; the stomach begins to show its participation in the disorder by dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea. A well-known pain under the right shoulder-blade is one of the commonest attendants of this disorder. Headache occurs. The sight is impaired or interrupted by dark specks or films, termed " muscae volitantes," floating, as it were, before the eyes. The complexion becomes sallow, or of a muddy, yellowish color. The patient becomes a sufferer from piles, and, as an almost inevitable consequence of such varied derangement of functions, depression of spirits follows. This latter is a very common attendant upon disorders of the liver, the word hypochondrical having an etymological reference to the liver as the seat of the disorder. Jaundice is not an unfrequent occurrence to children Suffering from bilious derangement, but has not then a serious import. Jaundice is a very frequent occurrence with new-born infants, and arises from an alteration in the course and quantity of blood that passes through the liver after birth. It cannot be called a disease under such circumstances, nor does it require medicinal treatment. In the former condition — that of an excessive flow of bile — the liver is said to be in a state of active congestion; in the latter, of passive congestion. The former may pass into inflammation. This, however, is rarely seen in this country, but is only too frequently met with in hot climates. The pain that is felt in the right side with the above described symptoms, and not uncommonly regarded as an indication of inflammation of the liver, is the result of congestion of the organ.

The housekeeper's companion