We have in the home two kinds of dust ; visible or dead dust, and invisible, or live dust. The live dust consists of microscopic plants, yeast, bacteria, and mold. The dead dust consists of bits of wood, sand, lint, etc. It can be removed by the mechanical means of brooms, brushes, and dusters. But the invisible or live dust needs scientific treat- ment. It is this dust which causes disease and makes our food decay. The disposal of the waste material which at- tracts the invisible dust is always a problem, and the house- keeper must make a study of it in order to keep the house in a sanitary condition. Inorganic waste, like ashes, tin cans, and bottles, is useful for other purposes and can be readily disposed of or carted away to fill in unimproved land. All waste food or garbage, if dried, can be burned. In all cities there are laws for the disposal of waste material and garbage, which you should know and obey. The public sewer takes care of the waste water and human excreta. If there is not a sanitary disposal of this waste, dangerous bacteria develop and reach the body, sometimes through flies, mosquitoes, and other pests. Pools of waste water are breeding places for mosquitoes. Outside closets, if near the source of drinking water, filter through the soil and pollute the water. The water system of drainage consists of sinks, closets, bathtubs, etc., which receive the sewage. These empty into a waste pipe, which in turn empties into the soil pipe con- nected with the main sewer in the street. Each of these 190 Digitized by Google HOUSEHOLD SANITATION 191 receptacles is trapped before it enters into another pipe. The trap consists of a bend in the pipe. This bend is to contain the last water which goes down. It is called the water seal, for it prevents sewer air from coming up through the pipe. Find the trap in the sink pipe in your school kitchen and in the bathroom at home. The soil pipe is trapped before it enters the main sewer in the street. This system of drainage requires constant care to keep it in a sanitary condition. Substances like heavy paper, string, hair, grease, matches, fruit skins, and dust should never be emptied into any of the drains. They lodge in the trap, stick to the sides of the pipes, and cause a great deal of trouble in the disposal of soluble waste matter. The trap in every sink should be flushed with a solution of hot water and washing soda at least once a week, and all traps should be occasionally opened and cleaned. Your teacher will show you how to do this with the trap in the sink in the school kitchen. The bathroom toilet needs a thorough washing each day, and once in a while a bleaching with chloride of lime. Disinfectants. — We cannot keep the house absolutely clean with soap and water only. Bacteria need stronger substances to kill them. The best-known and most frequently used dis- infectants are carbolic acid and solutions with a foundation of chloride of lime. A five per cent solution of carbolic acid used in generous quantities is always satisfactory. Carbolic acid is a poison; the solution should be kept in a special place and carefully labeled. The antidote for it is alcohol. Dry chloride of lime is used to absorb bad odors and is very effective in disinfecting moist material. When using disin- fectants, you must remember that, in order to destroy all bacteria, the disinfectant must come in contact with the sub- stance to be disinfected and must remain there some time. Digitized by Google CARE OF BEDROOMS Order of Work. — A girl's bedroom should be her chief pride and she should enjoy the care of it.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

We have in the home two kinds of dust ; visible or dead dust, and invisible, or live dust. The live dust consists of microscopic plants, yeast, bacteria, and mold. The dead dust consists of bits of wood, sand, lint, etc. It can be removed by the mechanical means of brooms, brushes, and dusters. But the invisible or live dust needs scientific treatment. It is this dust which causes disease and makes our food decay. The disposal of the waste material which attracts the invisible dust is always a problem, and the housekeeper must make a study of it in order to keep the house in a sanitary condition. Inorganic waste, like ashes, tin cans, and bottles, is useful for other purposes and can be readily disposed of or carted away to fill in unimproved land. All waste food or garbage, if dried, can be burned. In all cities there are laws for the disposal of waste material and garbage, which you should know and obey. The public sewer takes care of the waste water and human excreta. If there is not a sanitary disposal of this waste, dangerous bacteria develop and reach the body, sometimes through flies, mosquitoes, and other pests. Pools of waste water are breeding places for mosquitoes. Outside closets, if near the source of drinking water, filter through the soil and pollute the water. The water system of drainage consists of sinks, closets, bathtubs, etc., which receive the sewage. These empty into a waste pipe, which in turn empties into the soil pipe connected with the main sewer in the street. Each of these Digitized by Google HOUSEHOLD SANITATION 191 receptacles is trapped before it enters into another pipe. The trap consists of a bend in the pipe. This bend is to contain the last water which goes down. It is called the water seal, for it prevents sewer air from coming up through the pipe. Find the trap in the sink pipe in your school kitchen and in the bathroom at home. The soil pipe is trapped before it enters the main sewer in the street. This system of drainage requires constant care to keep it in a sanitary condition. Substances like heavy paper, string, hair, grease, matches, fruit skins, and dust should never be emptied into any of the drains. They lodge in the trap, stick to the sides of the pipes, and cause a great deal of trouble in the disposal of soluble waste matter. The trap in every sink should be flushed with a solution of hot water and washing soda at least once a week, and all traps should be occasionally opened and cleaned. Your teacher will show you how to do this with the trap in the sink in the school kitchen. The bathroom toilet needs a thorough washing each day, and once in a while a bleaching with chloride of lime. Disinfectants. — We cannot keep the house absolutely clean with soap and water only. Bacteria need stronger substances to kill them. The best-known and most frequently used disinfectants are carbolic acid and solutions with a foundation of chloride of lime. A five per cent solution of carbolic acid used in generous quantities is always satisfactory. Carbolic acid is a poison; the solution should be kept in a special place and carefully labeled. The antidote for it is alcohol. Dry chloride of lime is used to absorb bad odors and is very effective in disinfecting moist material. When using disinfectants, you must remember that, in order to destroy all bacteria, the disinfectant must come in contact with the substance to be disinfected and must remain there some time. Digitized by Google CARE OF BEDROOMS Order of Work. — A girl's bedroom should be her chief pride and she should enjoy the care of it.

Household science and arts