Digitized by Google HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE AND ARTS FIRST YEAR Preuminaby Lessons At the beginning of this course in Household Arts the fol- lowing points are suggested for consideration with the class in three fully illustrated preliminary talks, in which the chil- dren are taught to exemplify what is stated in regard to outfit, personal habits, and mistakes ; to become familiar with the general equipment and order of the kitchen ; and to use the gas burners. I. Pupil's Costume. Cap to cover the hair entirely. Apron, cotton material, to cover the dress entirely. Towel. Holder. II. Personal Habits in the Kitchen. Dress. — A tub dress is an ideal kitchen dress ; its best substitute is a large allover cotton apron. Hands, — No rings should be worn ; the hands should be washed and the nails thoroughly cleaned before beginning to cook. After touching the face, hair, handkerchief, or anything not pertaining to the cook- ing, the hands should always be washed. Hair. — The hair should be completely covered by the cap, and all loose locks tucked beneath it. Towel. — Each pupil should use her own hand towel for drying her hands. Never use the hand towel for dusting or for drying dishes. 9 Digitized by Google 10 FIRST YEAR III. Mistakes to be avoided by Pupils in the Kitchen. Cluttering utensils on the cookery table, or articles in the room. Soiling many dishes when a few could be washed and used again. Using the dishcloth for anything but dish washing, such as for wiping spots from the floor. Wasting time looking in the cookbook for recipes often used. These should be copied and hung in plain sight near the cookery table. IV. Equipment. » General. Sink and furnishings. Ranges. Towel racks. Demonstration desk. Dining table and dining chairs. Station stools. Station for each pupil with gas burner and standard equipment. Molding board. Desk pan. Case knife. Salt box. Paring knife. Pepper shaker. Steel fork. Tm plate. 2 teaspoons. Crockery plate. 1 tablespoon. Cup and saucer. 1 wooden spoon. Sauce dish. Measuring cup. Scrubbing brush. 1 pint agate saucepan. Cabinets: Order of Dishes. Linen. Glassware. Silver. Cooking utensils. State particular arrangement of each cabinet in school Digitized by Google DUST 11 kitchen, locating contents of particular drawers, closets, and shelves as set apart for supplies, utensils, dishes, linen, and silver. V. Special. — Practice the proper use of the fire-proofed hlavr kettohe used in cdse of accident with the gas burner, VI. Special Instructions on Gas Burners. Care of matches. Lighting gas burners ; demonstration and practice. Teach economical use of gas, showing suitable flame for sinmiering and for boiling. Extinguishing gas. Dust Much dust is alive. That is, it contains germs or microbes, as they are sometimes called. A germ or microbe is among the smallest of living things. Many are so small that a powerful microscope, making them seem at least fifty times as large as they are, must be used in order to examine them. Most g^rms will not grow unless kept moist and warm. Some of these germs can produce useful tiny plants, such as yeast. Some of them produce undesirable plants, such as mold in bread and in cheese, v^ome of them produce during their growth very dangerous poisons, and when our bodies are weakened from lack of food, air, or sleep, such germs may carry diseases to us. So the rooms in which we live should be kept as free from dust as possible.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Digitized by Google HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE AND ARTS Preuminaby Lessons At the beginning of this course in Household Arts the following points are suggested for consideration with the class in three fully illustrated preliminary talks, in which the children are taught to exemplify what is stated in regard to outfit, personal habits, and mistakes ; to become familiar with the general equipment and order of the kitchen ; and to use the gas burners. I. Pupil's Costume. Cap to cover the hair entirely. Apron, cotton material, to cover the dress entirely. Towel. Holder. II. Personal Habits in the Kitchen. Dress. — A tub dress is an ideal kitchen dress ; its best substitute is a large allover cotton apron. Hands, — No rings should be worn ; the hands should be washed and the nails thoroughly cleaned before beginning to cook. After touching the face, hair, handkerchief, or anything not pertaining to the cooking, the hands should always be washed. Hair. — The hair should be completely covered by the cap, and all loose locks tucked beneath it. Towel. — Each pupil should use her own hand towel for drying her hands. Never use the hand towel for dusting or for drying dishes. Digitized by Google III. Mistakes to be avoided by Pupils in the Kitchen. Cluttering utensils on the cookery table, or articles in the room. Soiling many dishes when a few could be washed and used again. Using the dishcloth for anything but dish washing, such as for wiping spots from the floor. Wasting time looking in the cookbook for recipes often used. These should be copied and hung in plain sight near the cookery table. IV. Equipment. » General. Sink and furnishings. Ranges. Towel racks. Demonstration desk. Dining table and dining chairs. Station stools. Station for each pupil with gas burner and standard equipment. Molding board. Desk pan. Case knife. Salt box. Paring knife. Pepper shaker. Steel fork. Tm plate. 2 teaspoons. Crockery plate. 1 tablespoon. Cup and saucer. 1 wooden spoon. Sauce dish. Measuring cup. Scrubbing brush. 1 pint agate saucepan. Cabinets: Order of Dishes. Linen. Glassware. Silver. Cooking utensils. State particular arrangement of each cabinet in school Digitized by Google DUST 11 kitchen, locating contents of particular drawers, closets, and shelves as set apart for supplies, utensils, dishes, linen, and silver. V. Special. — Practice the proper use of the fire-proofed flour kettle used in cdse of accident with the gas burner, VI. Special Instructions on Gas Burners. Care of matches. Lighting gas burners ; demonstration and practice. Teach economical use of gas, showing suitable flame for sinmiering and for boiling. Extinguishing gas. Dust Much dust is alive. That is, it contains germs or microbes, as they are sometimes called. A germ or microbe is among the smallest of living things. Many are so small that a powerful microscope, making them seem at least fifty times as large as they are, must be used in order to examine them. Most g^rms will not grow unless kept moist and warm. Some of these germs can produce useful tiny plants, such as yeast. Some of them produce undesirable plants, such as mold in bread and in cheese, v^ome of them produce during their growth very dangerous poisons, and when our bodies are weakened from lack of food, air, or sleep, such germs may carry diseases to us. So the rooms in which we live should be kept as free from dust as possible.

Household science and arts