Now take out the egg. and put a piece of burning match in the jar and let it burn
out. Then quickly put back the egg and watch it slowly move downward and all
at once drop into the bottle. The burning match expanded the air and it escaped.
When the bottle cooled the air in it contracted and so rilled a smaller place, as no
more air could get in and there was an empty place between the air and egg and
the force of air above the egg being greater, it was forced into the bottle.
E.B.
Xitrogen. — We had a pan filled with water and put a button fastened by a wire
on the edge. Then we put a piece of phosphorous on the button and lit it, placing
a bottle over the top. It made a very bright light, and of course anything burning
must consume oxygen. We then saw a very peculiar thing happen. It was water
going upward. This showed that an empty space had been formed in the bottle
and something had to fill its place. Xow, the water being nearest, it was used.
This experiment also shows how much oxygen was used, and we found by measure-
ment it was about one-fifth. This amount then showed the oxygen. We care-
fully lifted up the bottle, clapped over it a piece of glass. And now we test it as
we did oxygen and carbon dioxid. A lighted match or taper was put out immedi-
atelv. Animal life would be stifled in the same wav.
F. E. C.
Gases of the air. — What is air? Pure air is an invisible fluid, made up of two
gases — oxygen and nitrogen, without which we cannot live.
Men have been known to live without food many days, but man has never been
known to exist without air.
Oxygen is far too lively a gas to live in. so kind nature has diluted it for us
with another gas called nitrogen. If a person were put into a room filled with
oxygen his face would first turn red. then his body would turn the same color, then
his heart would beat very rapidly, and finally the arteries about this most impor-
tant of all organs would burst.
Oxygen will burn everything it comes in contact with. This accounts for the
burning up process which is always going on within our own bodies.
Oxygen can be extracted from the air by the use of electricity, but as this is not
easy to work with in a schoolroom, we use manganese dioxid mixed with an equal
quantity of chlorate of potash.
To extract the oxygen from these two substances, they are put together into a
test tube to which is attached another tube. The latter is of very small circumfer-
ence and has two or three crooks in it. Then place a large pan on the table filled
one-third with water and put in it a block of wood about one inch thick. Then
take an ordinary jar and fill it with water and place upside down so that the mouth
of the jar is about halfway on the board. Then heat the tube in which the chem-
icals are and put the tube to which it is attached into the water right under the
mouth of the jar. The water in the jar will then be seen to disappear gradually,
and in its place will be the oxygen itself. To prove this, take a piece of wood and
thrust it into the jar. It will take fire instantly and burn with a very bright flame.
Page 33
Presented as published in 1899. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
A modernized reading is not available for this page yet. You are seeing the original text.
Now take out the egg. and put a piece of burning match in the jar and let it burn
out. Then quickly put back the egg and watch it slowly move downward and all
at once drop into the bottle. The burning match expanded the air and it escaped.
When the bottle cooled the air in it contracted and so rilled a smaller place, as no
more air could get in and there was an empty place between the air and egg and
the force of air above the egg being greater, it was forced into the bottle.
E.B.
Xitrogen. — We had a pan filled with water and put a button fastened by a wire
on the edge. Then we put a piece of phosphorous on the button and lit it, placing
a bottle over the top. It made a very bright light, and of course anything burning
must consume oxygen. We then saw a very peculiar thing happen. It was water
going upward. This showed that an empty space had been formed in the bottle
and something had to fill its place. Xow, the water being nearest, it was used.
This experiment also shows how much oxygen was used, and we found by measure-
ment it was about one-fifth. This amount then showed the oxygen. We care-
fully lifted up the bottle, clapped over it a piece of glass. And now we test it as
we did oxygen and carbon dioxid. A lighted match or taper was put out immedi-
atelv. Animal life would be stifled in the same wav.
F. E. C.
Gases of the air. — What is air? Pure air is an invisible fluid, made up of two
gases — oxygen and nitrogen, without which we cannot live.
Men have been known to live without food many days, but man has never been
known to exist without air.
Oxygen is far too lively a gas to live in. so kind nature has diluted it for us
with another gas called nitrogen. If a person were put into a room filled with
oxygen his face would first turn red. then his body would turn the same color, then
his heart would beat very rapidly, and finally the arteries about this most impor-
tant of all organs would burst.
Oxygen will burn everything it comes in contact with. This accounts for the
burning up process which is always going on within our own bodies.
Oxygen can be extracted from the air by the use of electricity, but as this is not
easy to work with in a schoolroom, we use manganese dioxid mixed with an equal
quantity of chlorate of potash.
To extract the oxygen from these two substances, they are put together into a
test tube to which is attached another tube. The latter is of very small circumfer-
ence and has two or three crooks in it. Then place a large pan on the table filled
one-third with water and put in it a block of wood about one inch thick. Then
take an ordinary jar and fill it with water and place upside down so that the mouth
of the jar is about halfway on the board. Then heat the tube in which the chem-
icals are and put the tube to which it is attached into the water right under the
mouth of the jar. The water in the jar will then be seen to disappear gradually,
and in its place will be the oxygen itself. To prove this, take a piece of wood and
thrust it into the jar. It will take fire instantly and burn with a very bright flame.