Melt one-fourth of a square of chocolate over hot water, add half a cup of scalded milk, a quarter of a cup of bread crumbs, quarter of an egg beaten, one tablespoon of sugar, a pinch of salt, and a few drops of vanilla✪ Chocolate Bread Pudding. Bake in a buttered dish set in water until firm. Serve with milk or cream. GAS STOVES 109 B. Class Experiments. CARE OF A GAS STOVE. 1. Take a gas stove apart for cleaning. 2. Blacken the stove. 3. Examine a Bunsen burner. Light it, and alter- nately open and close the holes at the base. Hold a cold saucepan for a moment in the clear flame. When it is again cold hold it in the yellow flame. What effect on the flame has the admis- sion of air to the gas? See whether air is ad- mitted to the burners in a gas stove. 4. When the burners beneath the oven of a gas stove are to be lighted, it is always safer to open the oven door, or, at least, set it ajar. Try the following experiments to see why : a. Pour a scant teaspoon of gasoline (Warn- ing : No light must be in the room while inflammable substances such as this are being poured. Why?) into a dry, wide- mouthed bottle, stir with a hot glass rod for a moment, then hold a lighted stick or long splinter in the mouth of the bottle. 6. Pour the same amount of gasoline into a small shallow dish (the top of a small tin can will do) and light immediately. Ex- plain the difference in action in the two experiments. When might there be danger of an explosion in a gas oven? What dif- ference does opening the door make ? GAS STOVES A flame is burning gas, but the flame may be colorless or yellow. For illuminating purposes a yellow flame is de- sirable, because the glowing particles of carbon in the flame 110 FOOD STUDY give off light. But for cooking, a flame as nearly colorless as may be, is best. This is not only because such a flame is hotter, but because the other flame will deposit soot; and unburned soot on the saucepans means wasted fuel as well as extra trouble in washing. Air admitted to the gas furnishes an amount of oxygen sufficient to burn up the soot. When a gas stove is first installed, the plumber making the connection regulates, by means of a small valve in each, the amount of air necessary for each burner. This may need to be changed later if conditions change; but usually any change in the flame, particularly a sudden one, means that the burner has become clogged, perhaps by something spilled over it. In this case, if it does not readily burn clear again, the burner should be detached and boiled out in a weak solution of washing soda. One of the greatest difficulties experienced may be in the striking back of the flame. By this is meant the catching fire of the gas in the mixer ; the gas burns with a roaring sound and gives off a disagreeable odor and the flame is small and yellow. This can be remedied only by turning the gas off completely and, if the burner is hot, giving it time to cool before relighting. The striking back may occur if an attempt is made to light the gas too soon after it is turned on, if the gas is turned too low so that there is not sufficient pressure, or if the flame is blown by a sudden draft. A stove in a bad position between windows and doors may give much trouble in this way, but, usually, the difficulty may be overcome by devising a screen to cut off the draft.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Melt one-fourth of a square of chocolate over hot water, add half a cup of scalded milk, a quarter of a cup of bread crumbs, quarter of an egg beaten, one tablespoon of sugar, a pinch of salt, and a few drops of vanilla. Bake in a buttered dish set in water until firm. Serve with milk or cream. B. Class Experiments. CARE OF A GAS STOVE. 1. Take a gas stove apart for cleaning. 2. Blacken the stove. 3. Examine a Bunsen burner. Light it, and alternately open and close the holes at the base. Hold a cold saucepan for a moment in the clear flame. When it is again cold hold it in the yellow flame. What effect on the flame has the admission of air to the gas? See whether air is admitted to the burners in a gas stove. 4. When the burners beneath the oven of a gas stove are to be lighted, it is always safer to open the oven door, or, at least, set it ajar. Try the following experiments to see why : a. Pour a scant teaspoon of gasoline (Warning : No light must be in the room while inflammable substances such as this are being poured. Why?) into a dry, widemouthed bottle, stir with a hot glass rod for a moment, then hold a lighted stick or long splinter in the mouth of the bottle. 6. Pour the same amount of gasoline into a small shallow dish (the top of a small tin can will do) and light immediately. Explain the difference in action in the two experiments. When might there be danger of an explosion in a gas oven? What difference does opening the door make ? A flame is burning gas, but the flame may be colorless or yellow. For illuminating purposes a yellow flame is desirable, because the glowing particles of carbon in the flame give off light. But for cooking, a flame as nearly colorless as may be, is best. This is not only because such a flame is hotter, but because the other flame will deposit soot; and unburned soot on the saucepans means wasted fuel as well as extra trouble in washing. Air admitted to the gas furnishes an amount of oxygen sufficient to burn up the soot. When a gas stove is first installed, the plumber making the connection regulates, by means of a small valve in each, the amount of air necessary for each burner. This may need to be changed later if conditions change; but usually any change in the flame, particularly a sudden one, means that the burner has become clogged, perhaps by something spilled over it. In this case, if it does not readily burn clear again, the burner should be detached and boiled out in a weak solution of washing soda. One of the greatest difficulties experienced may be in the striking back of the flame. By this is meant the catching fire of the gas in the mixer ; the gas burns with a roaring sound and gives off a disagreeable odor and the flame is small and yellow. This can be remedied only by turning the gas off completely and, if the burner is hot, giving it time to cool before relighting. The striking back may occur if an attempt is made to light the gas too soon after it is turned on, if the gas is turned too low so that there is not sufficient pressure, or if the flame is blown by a sudden draft. A stove in a bad position between windows and doors may give much trouble in this way, but, usually, the difficulty may be overcome by devising a screen to cut off the draft.

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