FoodNet

Foods and home making

1928

Page 271

Presented as published in 1928. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
How should vegetables be prepared for canning ? It is very important to have fresh vegetables for canning. If possible, vegetables should be canned immediately after they are picked in the garden. Those who grow vegetables in sufficient quantity for canning can use freshly picked vegetables. Tender and sound vegetables should be selected. The roots of vegetables, or parts of the plant that grow on top of the ground or close to the ground, are used as food. Such vegetables may have bits of earth on them. It is very important to clean all vegetables for canning so well that no specks of earth are left on them. The soil sometimes contains dangerous bacteria. As previously suggested for cooking vegetables (see page 279), a brush is a good tool to use in cleaning them. In washing vegetables, lift them into another container instead of pouring the water off. In this way, bits of soil in the bottom of the first container may be rinsed away more thoroughly. How should vegetables be packed in the jars? Non-acid vegetables should be hot when they are packed in the jars. This means that non-acid vegetables should be partially cooked before they are packed. Partial cooking shrinks the vegetables so that they can be packed more easily. Instead of a sirup, as in the canning of fruits, we pour boiling water into the jars of vegetables. To each quart jar, one tea- spoon of salt is added. After packing, put the rubber and lid on the jar, sealing the lid. How are foods canned in the pressure cooker ? In a pressure cooker, cans of food are not immersed in water. They are 1 See United States Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1762, Home Canning of Fruits, Vegetables, and Meats, 1936. Also see Bacteriological Problems in Home-Canning Procedures by Dr. F. W. Tanner, Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 26, No. 6, page 365. 526 Food Preservation placed on a rack in the bottom of the cooker. Water is poured into the bottom of the cooker but it should not cover the rack that supports the jars. When this water boils, it fills the cooker with steam. Since the cooker is closed tightly with a lid which is clamped on, the steam is held under pressure. In this condition the water boils at a higher temperature than usual, and the steam becomes hotter than 21 2° F. Pack vegetables as nearly boiling hot as possible, using addi- tional boiling water if necessary. Add one teaspoon of salt to a quart for all vegetables and two teaspoons of sugar, if desired, to corn. Seal. Place the jars or cans in the hot canner as soon as they are filled. After placing the boiling water in the bottom of the cooker, bring the water to a boil. Place the jars on top of the rack. Do not let the jars touch one another. Place the cover on the cooker. The lids of some cookers have several clamps. In this case partly tighten opposite clamps, one pair at a time. After all clamps have been partly tightened, go over all the clamps again in the same order and tighten them securely. All the air should be let out of the cooker. To do this, keep the pet cock open until a steady stream of steam has issued from the pet cock for 7 to 10 minutes.1