Cigar ashes will kill lice on rose bushes without injuring the plants. It has been tried in many instances with great success. EVERLASTING WHITEWASH. Some years ago the following whitewash was used on the east end of the White House, and is MISCELLANEOES DIVISION. 4I I as good to-day as when first applied : Take ^ bushel of nice unslacked lime, slack it with water, cover it, during the process, to keep in the steam, strain the liquid through a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it a peck of salt, previously well dis- solved in warm water, 3 pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste, ^^ pound powdered Span- ish whiting, and i pound clean glue, which has been previously dissolved by soaking well; and then hang it over a slow fire in a small kettle, within a large one filled with water. Add 5 gal- lons of hot wate✪ Everlasting Whitewashr to the mixture, stir it well, and let it stand a few days covered from dust. It should be put on hot, and for this purpose it can be kept in a kettle on a portable furnace. It an- swers as well as oil paint for wood, brick or stone, and is cheaper. There is nothing that will com- pare with it of the kind, for inside or outside work. Coloring matter may be put in and made any shade desired except green. This must not be used, as it makes it scale off, and destroys the coloring qualities. SCALES IN STEAM BOILERS, TO PRE- VENT AND TO REMOVE. Water is rendered hard by the presence ot earthy salts, such as carbonate of lime and mag- nesia, and these are kept in solution by the aid of tne free carbonic acid gas which the water con- tains. By boiling the gas is expelled and the salts precipitated, when they appear as a crust on the 412 DOMESTIC GUIDE. bottom and sides of the vessel, as may be seen in an old tea-kettle in which hard water has been boiled habitually, Dr J. G. Rogers, in an important paper read at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, after enumerating the various substances which, in boiler waters, con- tribute to the formation of this crust or scale, gives us some valuable practical information con- cerning the effect of the crust upon the boilers, and how their formation may be prevented. Both dissolved and suspended matters are thrown down by boiling and evaporation, and slowly accumulate as a whitish porcelain-like layer, which may attain an unlimited thickness. The evil effects of this formation are due to the fact that it is a poor con- ductor of heat. Its conducting power, compared with that of iron, is as i to 37^. This known, it is readily appreciated that more fuel is required to heat water through scale and iron, than through iron alone. It has been demonstrated that a scale 1-16 01 an inch thick requires the extra expenditure of 15 per cent, more fuel. As scale thickens the ratio increases ; thus, when it is i^ of an inch thick 60 per cent, more fuel is required, at ^^ an inch thick 1 50 per cent, and so on. To raise steam to a work- ing pressure of 90 pounds, the water must be heated to 320° Fahrenheit. This may be done through a )^ inch shell by heating the external surface to about 320° Fahrenheit. If a half-inch MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION. 413

AI-modernized reading of the original text

A modernized reading is not available for this page yet. You are seeing the original text.

Cigar ashes will kill lice on rose bushes without injuring the plants. It has been tried in many instances with great success. EVERLASTING WHITEWASH. Some years ago the following whitewash was used on the east end of the White House, and is MISCELLANEOES DIVISION. 4I I as good to-day as when first applied : Take ^ bushel of nice unslacked lime, slack it with water, cover it, during the process, to keep in the steam, strain the liquid through a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it a peck of salt, previously well dis- solved in warm water, 3 pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste, ^^ pound powdered Span- ish whiting, and i pound clean glue, which has been previously dissolved by soaking well; and then hang it over a slow fire in a small kettle, within a large one filled with water. Add 5 gal- lons of hot water to the mixture, stir it well, and let it stand a few days covered from dust. It should be put on hot, and for this purpose it can be kept in a kettle on a portable furnace. It an- swers as well as oil paint for wood, brick or stone, and is cheaper. There is nothing that will com- pare with it of the kind, for inside or outside work. Coloring matter may be put in and made any shade desired except green. This must not be used, as it makes it scale off, and destroys the coloring qualities. SCALES IN STEAM BOILERS, TO PRE- VENT AND TO REMOVE. Water is rendered hard by the presence ot earthy salts, such as carbonate of lime and mag- nesia, and these are kept in solution by the aid of tne free carbonic acid gas which the water con- tains. By boiling the gas is expelled and the salts precipitated, when they appear as a crust on the 412 DOMESTIC GUIDE. bottom and sides of the vessel, as may be seen in an old tea-kettle in which hard water has been boiled habitually, Dr J. G. Rogers, in an important paper read at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, after enumerating the various substances which, in boiler waters, con- tribute to the formation of this crust or scale, gives us some valuable practical information con- cerning the effect of the crust upon the boilers, and how their formation may be prevented. Both dissolved and suspended matters are thrown down by boiling and evaporation, and slowly accumulate as a whitish porcelain-like layer, which may attain an unlimited thickness. The evil effects of this formation are due to the fact that it is a poor con- ductor of heat. Its conducting power, compared with that of iron, is as i to 37^. This known, it is readily appreciated that more fuel is required to heat water through scale and iron, than through iron alone. It has been demonstrated that a scale 1-16 01 an inch thick requires the extra expenditure of 15 per cent, more fuel. As scale thickens the ratio increases ; thus, when it is i^ of an inch thick 60 per cent, more fuel is required, at ^^ an inch thick 1 50 per cent, and so on. To raise steam to a work- ing pressure of 90 pounds, the water must be heated to 320° Fahrenheit. This may be done through a )^ inch shell by heating the external surface to about 320° Fahrenheit. If a half-inch MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION. 413

Dr. M'Millan's formulas and domestic guide