EVENING CONTINUATION SCHOOLS 103 Place a sheet of paper on the top of the cake if too brown. Frying — Frying is cooking in smoking hot fat. There are two kinds of frying — shallow frying, deep frying. Have the fat smoking hot and quite still. Do not put too much in at once. Heat up the fat between each batch. Drain on soft paper. If a coating of egg and crumb is used, use very fine dry crumbs. Shallow frying is more wasteful than deep frying. Mediums used — dripping, lard, oil, butter. Dripping is the best. Lard smells, oil spits, and the butter burns too quickly. DRASTIC METHODS OF CLEANING It sometimes happens that a teacher is sent to take charge of a centre in which the apparatus and fittings have been very much neglected, and which, perhaps, will require a very great deal of labour before the place can be restored to the high standard of cleanliness which she would like to see. The following hints may be of service to her. To clean a Furred Copper — Dip the brush in and out of the spirits of salt, and scrub the copper from the sides to the bottom. The fur will dissolve off with efferves- cence. The operator must refrain from inhaling the fumes as much as possible, as they irritate the throat and lungs. After the fur has been removed, fill the copper with the strongest soda water, and empty it gradually. Scrub it with Sapolio. The soda will check the action of the acid, and the Sapolio will polish it. This spirits of salt may be used to clean the enamel 104 INSTRUCTION IN COOKERY at the top of a gas stove which has been very much neglected, and to remove jam which has been burnt on the side of a china-lined preserving pan. It is quick and effectual, but very dangerous if left in improper hands, and should only be employed when other methods are out of the question. Neglected White Wood — If hard water and soap- suds have been badly smeared on tables and dressers, instead of properly washing them, the best way is to take a plain block of wood and a piece of very coarse sand paper, and work this across the grain of the wood, changing the sand paper as it is worn out. This method may be used for removing the traces of burns and chemicals on wood. It is quicker and easier and cheaper than scrubbing with sand or soap. Inkstains on Boards — These may be quickly removed with hot chloride of lime, and then rinsed off. Put about 2 tablespoonfuls of chloride of lime in an old jar (it injures the glaze of good crockery). Pour on to this some fast-boiling water. Scrub the stains with it, and rinse off. This will also remove fruit stains, such as black currant. The whole table should be lightly washed with the solution, or the marks of it will show yellow. It may then be washed with vinegar and water. Paraffin and soft soap may be used for neglected light-coloured paint, but if an outside door is weather stained it is best simply to clean it with a paraffin rag. The following is a trade receipt for cleaning floors which have been much neglected. This will remove paint and oil-stains : Take i part of caustic soda, 3 parts American potash, and 7 parts common soda ; mix with boiling water, and apply very quickly. Rinse off into EVENING CONTINUATION SCHOOLS 105 clean water. The liquid is very destructive to brushes and the hands.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

EVENING CONTINUATION SCHOOLS 103 Place a sheet of paper on the top of the cake if too brown. Frying — Frying is cooking in smoking hot fat. There are two kinds of frying — shallow frying, deep frying. Have the fat smoking hot and quite still. Do not put too much in at once. Heat up the fat between each batch. Drain on soft paper. If a coating of egg and crumb is used, use very fine dry crumbs. Shallow frying is more wasteful than deep frying. Mediums used — dripping, lard, oil, butter. Dripping is the best. Lard smells, oil spits, and the butter burns too quickly. DRASTIC METHODS OF CLEANING It sometimes happens that a teacher is sent to take charge of a centre in which the apparatus and fittings have been very much neglected, and which, perhaps, will require a very great deal of labour before the place can be restored to the high standard of cleanliness which she would like to see. The following hints may be of service to her. To clean a Furred Copper — Dip the brush in and out of the spirits of salt, and scrub the copper from the sides to the bottom. The fur will dissolve off with effervescence. The operator must refrain from inhaling the fumes as much as possible, as they irritate the throat and lungs. After the fur has been removed, fill the copper with the strongest soda water, and empty it gradually. Scrub it with Sapolio. The soda will check the action of the acid, and the Sapolio will polish it. This spirits of salt may be used to clean the enamel at the top of a gas stove which has been very much neglected, and to remove jam which has been burnt on the side of a china-lined preserving pan. It is quick and effectual, but very dangerous if left in improper hands, and should only be employed when other methods are out of the question. Neglected White Wood — If hard water and soapsuds have been badly smeared on tables and dressers, instead of properly washing them, the best way is to take a plain block of wood and a piece of very coarse sand paper, and work this across the grain of the wood, changing the sand paper as it is worn out. This method may be used for removing the traces of burns and chemicals on wood. It is quicker and easier and cheaper than scrubbing with sand or soap. Inkstains on Boards — These may be quickly removed with hot chloride of lime, and then rinsed off. Put about 2 tablespoonfuls of chloride of lime in an old jar (it injures the glaze of good crockery). Pour on to this some fast-boiling water. Scrub the stains with it, and rinse off. This will also remove fruit stains, such as black currant. The whole table should be lightly washed with the solution, or the marks of it will show yellow. It may then be washed with vinegar and water. Paraffin and soft soap may be used for neglected light-coloured paint, but if an outside door is weather stained it is best simply to clean it with a paraffin rag. The following is a trade receipt for cleaning floors which have been much neglected. This will remove paint and oil-stains : Take i part of caustic soda, 3 parts American potash, and 7 parts common soda ; mix with boiling water, and apply very quickly. Rinse off into EVENING CONTINUATION SCHOOLS 105 clean water. The liquid is very destructive to brushes and the hands.

Instruction in cookery (Methuen's text-books, Thompson)