A manual of home-making

Spfjona of hard wood should be used whenever possible; they are lighter than metal ones, do not discolor the hand, make less noise, and lIo not scratch metal surfaces. For basting roasts, or whenever a specially strong spot^n is iieeiled^ a tinned iron spoon is good. Enamel spoons are not practical, as they are Ukely to bend and crack the enaiueL Brushes. If brushes are used in connection with food— that is, for greasing pans or for brushing rolls or pastry with butter, egg, or milk— they must be of a kind that can be cleaned with boil- ing water. This is impossible if the liristles are glued in. The bristles should he strong ami pliable (Russia or Chinese bristles are best) and should bo bound to the handle with twine rather than with metal. A shaving brush of badger hair is really better adapteti to the purpose than any l>rush s{)ecially designed. Small wooden-backed brushes are indispensable for the proper cleaning of vegetables, for brushing grated lemon rind from the grater, and for many other purposes. A small poker heateti red hot can be usxxl to mark on the backs of the brushes the pur- poses for which they are to be liscmJ. A round pitcher- or bottle- brush, and a long wire-handled trap-brush for the refrigerator, are sanitary necessities. DQuble boilers, A double Ijoiler should be selected with a lower part suffi- I I 230 A MANUAL or HOME-MAKING 4 I ciently large to hold a quantity of water that will not mon boil away. Paper. Heavy absorl)ent lirowii paper, on a roller, such as is usetl in., meal oiarkcts, is a great kiti'heo help. In breading eutlets or\ making erotpiettes, ff>r example, the table or the rolling bourd may be revered with ]>a|jer and the l>rea<I crumbs empticHl on it After the crtxiuettes are breaded, the crumbs may be remov(*d and the same paper used for draining the croquettes when they are fricHh It may afterwards he folded up antl hnrneil, or givea a8 a titiiit to the cliickens, in either ease saving tlie washing of a. mixture of egg and bread emmbs from the rolling l>oard. Waxed paper, so essential for putting up lunches, lining cake tins, and covering food in the refrigerator, may also be obtained on rollers or in sheets. Covered papt^r pails^ lined with waxed paper, are useful for storing diy left-overs. Paper cups, plates, and napkins are a — welcome help in the picnic lunch or the grange supper. The! plates may be bought with linings, or *' insets/' which may be replaces I by clean ones for a second course. Folding paper cups should be a part of every scht>ol lunch or traveler's out lit. ■ Fiber pails, washbowls, and tubs are useful because of their ■ lightness, and with careful handling they will last a long time. Breaks in the finish may be mended l>y filling with a little putty, covering this with a piece of sttait cotton doth, and holding the whole together with oil paint to match the finish. Wooden skcii>€rs and iooihpi(Jcs. For testing cake, wooden toothpicks are as good as broom 8tra%V8 and much cleaner. Skewers are helpful in cleaning corners, or, covertKl with S€'veral thicknesses of cheet^^'loth^ in keeping free from crystals the sides of the saucepan in w^hich sugar is being boiletl down. I ARRANGEMENT OF UTENSILS The best -selected! utensils may fail in usefulness if arranged awkwardly. Although '* stacking" Is not the menace to kitchen I d