Children require more food proportionally (not in amount) than adults; they need food rich in protein and mineral matter for tissue building, such as milk, eggs, bread, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and some meat. Rich pastry, rich cakes, rich desserts, highly seasoned sauces, pickles, tea coffee and iced drinks are not suitable or wholesome foods for children. Men and Women at active muscular work require more food than those at sedentary occupations, Old People require less food, about the same amount as children. Their diet should contain less protein and more carbohydrates proportionally. Mixed Diet Health cannot be maintained by any one of the nutrients alone. A diet needs to be mixed in order to get the proper balance of the elements. A diet also needs bulk. This is provided by fruits, vegetables and cereals. After the body has extracted the nutrients, there are waste products from the food, and waste products from the body cells, which the blood carries off. All these have to be sent off from the body to prevent disease. Water, mineral matter, fruit and vegetables all help in this work. STANDARD DIETARY Required per day by an adult: Proteins - - - - - - 3 to 4% ounces Hats - - - - - - 2to 3 ounces Carbohydrates - - ~ - - 14 to 18 ounces Water, about 5 pints, 2 of these are taken-in solid food DIGESTION Digestion is the name given to those changes which food must undergo in the alimentary canal before it can pass into the blood stream and become of use to the body. The Alimentary Canal consists of the mouth, gullet, stomach, small and large intestines. The liver secrets bile and the pancreas secrets pancreatic juice, both of which are poured into the small intestine. Absorption. Only after digestion is food absorbed into the blood stream. A mixed diet is absorbed best, one which leaves a moderate amount of unab- sorbed material to act as a ballast to stimulate the intestines and prevent constipation. Assimilation. All food is carried to the tissues by the blood. The veins. carry blood from the stomach and intestines rich in food materials. The veins. unite to form one large vein called the portal vein, this carries the blood to the liver where it undergoes further changes, the sugar being stored up as glycogen, a reserve fuel food. Blood leaves the liver by a vein called the inferior vena cava, which carries it to the right side of the heart. The heart pumps it to the lungs where it receives fresh oxygen and gives off impurities. The blood then returns to the left side of the heart which pumps it all over the body. Each cell takes from the blood which comes to it that which it needs to do its work, and gives back to the blood waste products the result of work. FOOD AND COOKERY wl Changes Which Absorption into Organ Digestive Juices Food Undergoes Blood Stream IMU Goscoac Saliva secreted The teeth and tongue None. by the sali- break up the food vary glands, and mix saliva with an alkaline it. Saliva changes fluid. the starch to sugar unless acids are present. Gullettee a - None. Food is swallowed; None. passes down the gullet into the stomach. Stomach® .2..: Gastric juice, Changes some of Peptones, sugar and secreted by proteins into solu- salt in small quanti- the stomach, Dies epre:p ton js: ties are absorbed by Small Intestine Large Intestine an acid fluid. Bile sent from the liver. Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas and sent to the intestine, an alkaline fluid. Intestinal juices secreted by the intestines. Intestinal juices secreted by intestine. The Uses of Food to the Body Changes cane sugar to grape sugar. The food becomes a semi-fluid in the stomach. Emulsifies fats. It finishes the work left undone by the saliva, gastric juices and bile. Food in the small intestine is a fluid.

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Children require more food proportionally (not in amount) than adults; they need food rich in protein and mineral matter for tissue building, such as milk, eggs, bread, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and some meat. Rich pastry, rich cakes, rich desserts, highly seasoned sauces, pickles, tea coffee and iced drinks are not suitable or wholesome foods for children. Men and Women at active muscular work require more food than those at sedentary occupations, Old People require less food, about the same amount as children. Their diet should contain less protein and more carbohydrates proportionally. Mixed Diet Health cannot be maintained by any one of the nutrients alone. A diet needs to be mixed in order to get the proper balance of the elements. A diet also needs bulk. This is provided by fruits, vegetables and cereals. After the body has extracted the nutrients, there are waste products from the food, and waste products from the body cells, which the blood carries off. All these have to be sent off from the body to prevent disease. Water, mineral matter, fruit and vegetables all help in this work. STANDARD DIETARY Required per day by an adult: Proteins - - - - - - 3 to 4% ounces Fats - - - - - - 2to 3 ounces Carbohydrates - - ~ - - 14 to 18 ounces Water, about 5 pints, 2 of these are taken-in solid food DIGESTION Digestion is the name given to those changes which food must undergo in the alimentary canal before it can pass into the blood stream and become of use to the body. The Alimentary Canal consists of the mouth, gullet, stomach, small and large intestines. The liver secrets bile and the pancreas secrets pancreatic juice, both of which are poured into the small intestine. Absorption. Only after digestion is food absorbed into the blood stream. A mixed diet is absorbed best, one which leaves a moderate amount of unabsorbed material to act as a ballast to stimulate the intestines and prevent constipation. Assimilation. All food is carried to the tissues by the blood. The veins. carry blood from the stomach and intestines rich in food materials. The veins. unite to form one large vein called the portal vein, this carries the blood to the liver where it undergoes further changes, the sugar being stored up as glycogen, a reserve fuel food. Blood leaves the liver by a vein called the inferior vena cava, which carries it to the right side of the heart. The heart pumps it to the lungs where it receives fresh oxygen and gives off impurities. The blood then returns to the left side of the heart which pumps it all over the body. Each cell takes from the blood which comes to it that which it needs to do its work, and gives back to the blood waste products the result of work. FOOD AND COOKERY wl Changes Which Absorption into Organ Digestive Juices Food Undergoes Blood Stream IMU Goscoac Saliva secreted The teeth and tongue None. by the sali- break up the food vary glands, and mix saliva with an alkaline it. Saliva changes fluid. the starch to sugar unless acids are present. Gullettee a - None. Food is swallowed; None. passes down the gullet into the stomach. Stomach® .2..: Gastric juice, Changes some of Peptones, sugar and secreted by proteins into solu- salt in small quantithe stomach, Dies epre:p ton js: ties are absorbed by Small Intestine Large Intestine an acid fluid. Bile sent from the liver. Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas and sent to the intestine, an alkaline fluid. Intestinal juices secreted by the intestines. Intestinal juices secreted by intestine. The Uses of Food to the Body Changes cane sugar to grape sugar. The food becomes a semi-fluid in the stomach. Emulsifies fats. It finishes the work left undone by the saliva, gastric juices and bile. Food in the small intestine is a fluid.

Girl's home manual of cookery, home management, home nursing and laundry